Abstract: A compound field emitter (CFE) includes a first surface possessing a field enhancement factor >1, and a second surface possessing one or both of a field enhancement factor >1, or a low work function, wherein the second surface is coated, formed or applied upon the first surface. The second surface has a characteristic size at least 3 times smaller than the first surface, and the outer surface includes a coating of calcium aluminate 12CaO-7Al2O3.

Abstract: A compound field emitter (CFE) includes a first surface possessing a field enhancement factor >1, and a second surface possessing one or both of a field enhancement factor >1, or a low work function, wherein the second surface is coated, formed or applied upon the first surface. The second surface has a characteristic size at least 3 times smaller than the first surface, and the outer surface includes a coating of calcium aluminate 12CaO-7Al2O3.

Abstract: A device having: a substrate having a dielectric surface; a gate electrode; a drain electrode; a source electrode having a conductive contact and a two-dimensional material edge; and a dielectric material between the source and the gate. The source is adjacent to the gate. The drain electrode is not laterally between the edge and the gate electrode, and the distance from the drain electrode to the edge is greater than the distance from the gate electrode to the edge. The edge does not contact any other component of the device. The gate, drain, and source are not in electrical contact with each other. There is a line of sight or electron path from the edge to the drain electrode.

Abstract: A device having: a substrate having a dielectric surface; a gate electrode; a drain electrode; a source electrode having a conductive contact and a two-dimensional material edge; and a dielectric material between the source and the gate. The source is adjacent to the gate. The drain electrode is not laterally between the edge and the gate electrode, and the distance from the drain electrode to the edge is greater than the distance from the gate electrode to the edge. The edge does not contact any other component of the device. The gate, drain, and source are not in electrical contact with each other. There is a line of sight or electron path from the edge to the drain electrode.

Abstract: Control apparatus having pre-defined error-states and related methods are described.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to a controller of a local control loop having a field device and a sensor configured in a closed-loop control system are disclosed. The controller is wirelessly coupled to a control system wherein the controller and the control system execute complementary control over the field device.

Abstract: Control apparatus having pre-defined error-states and related methods are described.

Abstract: Control apparatus having pre-defined error-states and related methods are described. An example method of controlling a field control device described herein includes receiving, via a controller coupled to the fluid control device, a communication from a control system remotely located from the controller to operate the field control device during a non-error condition, detecting whether an error condition has occurred, and operating the field control device based on a pre-determined error-state instruction stored in the controller when the error condition is detected.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor and/or control a pneumatic actuator are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a processor to execute a control application, a position sensor to monitor a position of a valve coupled to a pneumatic actuator, the position sensor to provide position information of the valve to the control application, and a latching valve to provide a pneumatic signal to the actuator, the latching valve and the pneumatic signal to be controlled by the control application based on at least one of the position information or a control signal from a separate device in a process control system.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to a controller of a local control loop having a field device and a sensor configured in a closed-loop control system are disclosed. The controller is wirelessly coupled to a control system wherein the controller and the control system execute complementary control over the field device.

Abstract: Control apparatus having pre-defined error-states and related methods are described. An example method of controlling a field control device described herein includes receiving, via a controller coupled to the fluid control device, a communication from a control system remotely located from the controller to operate the field control device during a non-error condition, detecting whether an error condition has occurred, and operating the field control device based on a pre-determined error-state instruction stored in the controller when the error condition is detected.

Abstract: A networked system and a method for managing computer memory in the networked system are provided. The method includes determining when a first web page is being closed or a second web page is being opened on a first computer. The first web page has an embedded software object therein. The method further includes in response to the first web page being closed or the second web page being opened, executing a software function in the embedded software object that both transmits a first data message to a second computer instructing the second computer to stop sending the predetermined information to the embedded software object and releases memory in the first computer associated with the embedded software object.

Abstract: A field emitter is disclosed comprising a graded electron affinity surface ayer. The graded electron affinity layer provides for increased transconductance, reduced energy distribution of emitted electrons, reduced noise and increased uniformity in its operation.