Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device that includes an irregular network of interconnected ridges in physical contact with a planar substrate and a perovskite layer, where the planar substrate include a support layer and a first charge selective contact layer, the first charge selective contact layer is positioned between the support layer and the interconnected ridges, each ridge includes a second charge selective contact layer and an insulating layer, the insulating layer is positioned between the first charge selective contact layer and the second charge selective contact layer, and the perovskite layer substantially covers the plurality of interconnected ridges and the underlying planar substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device that includes an irregular network of interconnected ridges in physical contact with a planar substrate and a perovskite layer, where the planar substrate include a support layer and a first charge selective contact layer, the first charge selective contact layer is positioned between the support layer and the interconnected ridges, each ridge includes a second charge selective contact layer and an insulating layer, the insulating layer is positioned between the first charge selective contact layer and the second charge selective contact layer, and the perovskite layer substantially covers the plurality of interconnected ridges and the underlying planar substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an all-back-contact photovoltaic device that includes, in order, a substrate, a first electrode having a first surface, an insulator, a second electrode having a second surface, and an active material, where the insulator and the second electrode form a cavity, the active material substantially fills the cavity and is in physical contact with the first surface and the second surface, the insulator includes a first layer and a second layer with the second layer positioned between the first layer and the second contact, and the first layer is constructed of a first material that is different than a second material used to construct the second layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic (PV) device that includes a color-conversion layer that includes at least one of a color-tuning layer and/or an intermediate layer and a photovoltaic layer where the color-conversion layer changes the appearance of the PV device when compared to a similar PV device constructed without the color-conversion layer, the color-conversion layer increases a power output of the PV device by at least one of reflecting light to the PV layer or emitting light which is redirected to the PV layer, and the device is at least partially transparent to light in the visible spectrum.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an all-back-contact photovoltaic device that includes, in order, a substrate, a first electrode having a first surface, an insulator, a second electrode having a second surface, and an active material, where the insulator and the second electrode form a cavity, the active material substantially fills the cavity and is in physical contact with the first surface and the second surface, the insulator includes a first layer and a second layer with the second layer positioned between the first layer and the second contact, and the first layer is constructed of a first material that is different than a second material used to construct the second layer.