Abstract: An energy delivery probe and method of using the energy delivery probe to treat a patient is provided herein. The energy delivery probe has at least one probe body having a longitudinal axis and at least a first trocar and a second trocar. Each trocar comprises at least two electrodes that are electrically insulated from each other, and each electrode is independently selectively activatable. An insulative sleeve is positioned in a coaxially surrounding relationship to each of the first trocar and the second trocar. The probe also has a switching means for independently activating at least one electrode. The method involves independently and selectively activating the first and second electrodes to form an ablation zone, then repeating the ablation by delivering energy to a second set of electrodes, producing one or more overlapping ablation zone, and eliminating the need to reposition the ablation probes.

Abstract: An energy delivery probe and method of using the energy delivery probe to treat a patient is provided herein. The energy delivery probe has at least one probe body having a longitudinal axis and at least a first trocar and a second trocar. Each trocar comprises at least two electrodes that are electrically insulated from each other, and each electrode is independently selectively activatable. An insulative sleeve is positioned in a coaxially surrounding relationship to each of the first trocar and the second trocar. The probe also has a switching means for independently activating at least one electrode. The method involves independently and selectively activating the first and second electrodes to form an ablation zone, then repeating the ablation by delivering energy to a second set of electrodes, producing one or more overlapping ablation zone, and eliminating the need to reposition the ablation probes.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatuses for reducing or eliminating target glands within a tissue with an electric treatment. These apparatuses and methods may produce electroporation of cells by applying treatment dose having an energy density sufficient to eliminate or reduce the size of a target gland. Also described herein are methods for treating and/or preventing a disorder of a target gland.

Abstract: Described herein are percutaneous treatment tools and methods for applying electric treatment to a target tissue, hi some examples the treatment tools described herein allow for adjusting the spacing between the proximal electrode(s) and the distal electrode of the treatment tools. The treatment tools described herein may also be configured to reduce peak electric field for a given potential and/or to increase hoop stress on the tissue upon insertion of the tip to prevent or reduce arcing between the electrodes.

Abstract: Described herein are treatment tip apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems, etc.) including one, or more preferably a plurality, of electrodes that are protected by an electrode partition, such as an electrode housing (which may be retractable) until pressed against the tissue for deployment of the electrodes and delivery of a therapeutic treatment. In particular, these apparatuses may include a plurality of treatment electrodes (e.g., needle electrodes) and be configured for the delivery of nanosecond pulsed electric fields.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for applying electrical energy to a target tissue, including sub-microsecond pulsed electrical energy. These methods and apparatuses may prevent or limit arcing and/or maintain adequate contact during treatment while minimizing arcing. For example, described herein are electrodes that have a surface that is covered by an arc mitigating layer. The arc mitigating layer may be separated from the electrode surface by a gap region (e.g., air gap).

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatuses for reducing or eliminating skin glands (e.g., sebaceous, eccrine and apocrine) with an electric treatment. These apparatuses and methods may produce electroporation of cells by applying treatment dose having an energy density sufficient to eliminate or reduce the size of a target gland. Also described herein are methods for treating and/or preventing a disorder of a skin gland. For example, described herein are methods of treating sebaceous hyperplasia.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating a tissue using a treatment tip apparatus (e.g., devices, systems, etc.) including one, or more preferably a plurality, of electrodes that are protected by an electrode partition, such as an electrode housing (which may be retractable) until pressed against the tissue for deployment of the electrodes and delivery of a therapeutic treatment. In particular, these methods may include the use of a plurality of treatment electrodes (e.g., needle electrodes) and in some examples may include for the delivery of nanosecond pulsed electric fields.

Abstract: Treatment applicators and methods including treatment applicators for delivering electrical energy to a target tissue that are configured to reduce or eliminate arcing as well as provide enhance targeting to tissue surfaces or regions just below the surface of the tissue.

Abstract: Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

Abstract: Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

Abstract: Described here are methods and apparatuses, including templates and template systems, for accurately positioning electrode applicator tips in order to treat larger predefined patterns of tissue. Also described here are methods and apparatuses for positioning, e.g., orienting and/or spacing, applicator tip(s) against the tissue while applying energy through some or all of the electrodes in the applicator tip.

Abstract: Described herein are elongate applicator tools adapted to be inserted into an anatomical structure of a body to deliver electric treatment, for example, high voltage, sub-microsecond electrical energy, to a target tissue. These applicator tools may be configured for insertion into a blood vessel, an otolaryngological structure (such as an ear, nose, or throat, including anatomical structures, such as a turbinate, tonsils, tongue, soft palate, parotid glands, esophageal glands), a gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach, small intestine, large intestine, duodenum, colon, etc., including the esophagus), structures of the female reproductive system (e.g., fallopian tubes, uterus), and/or a respiratory tract (e.g., trachea, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi). Also disclosed herein are systems including these tools and methods of their operation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (e.g., devices, instruments and systems, including applicator handles for use with pulse generators) for automatically and/or mechanically setting impedance matching for connecting the applicator handle with different electrode tips. These methods and apparatuses may be useful for applying therapeutic energy, including but not limited to short, high field strength electric pulses, while avoiding the risk of arcing or otherwise harming the tissue.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (e.g., devices, instruments and systems, including applicator handles for use with pulse generators) for automatically and/or mechanically setting impedance matching for connecting the applicator handle with different electrode tips. These methods and apparatuses may be useful for applying therapeutic energy, including but not limited to short, high field strength electric pulses, while avoiding the risk of arcing or otherwise harming the tissue.

Abstract: An energy delivery probe and method of using the energy delivery probe to treat a patient is provided herein. The energy delivery probe has at least one probe body having a longitudinal axis and at least a first trocar and a second trocar. Each trocar comprises at least two electrodes that are electrically insulated from each other, and each electrode is independently selectively activatable. An insulative sleeve is positioned in a coaxially surrounding relationship to each of the first trocar and the second trocar. The probe also has a switching means for independently activating at least one electrode. The method involves independently and selectively activating the first and second electrodes to form an ablation zone, then repeating the ablation by delivering energy to a second set of electrodes, producing one or more overlapping ablation zone, and eliminating the need to reposition the ablation probes.

Abstract: An energy delivery probe and method of using the energy delivery probe to treat a patient is provided herein. The energy delivery probe has at least one probe body having a longitudinal axis and at least a first trocar and a second trocar. Each trocar comprises at least two electrodes that are electrically insulated from each other, and each electrode is independently selectively activatable. An insulative sleeve is positioned in a coaxially surrounding relationship to each of the first trocar and the second Vocal?. The probe also has a switching means for independently activating at least one electrode. The method involves independently and selectively activating the first and second electrodes to form an ablation zone, then repeating the ablation by delivering energy to a second set of electrodes, producing one or more overlapping ablation zone, and eliminating the need to reposition the ablation probes.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for using the treatment tip apparatuses and high-voltage connectors with robotic surgical systems. For example, retractable treatment tip apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems, etc.) including one, or more preferably a plurality, of electrodes that are protected by a housing (which may be retractable) until pressed against the tissue for deployment of the electrodes and delivery of a therapeutic treatment, are disclosed. In particular, these apparatuses may include a plurality of treatment needle electrodes and may be configured for the delivery of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Also described herein are high-voltage connectors configured to provide high-voltage energy, such as nsPEF pulses, from a generator to the retractable treatment tip apparatuses.

Abstract: Described herein are elongate applicator tools adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high voltage, sub-microsecond electrical energy to target tissue. These tools may be configured as laparoscopes, endoscopes, and/or catheters. Also disclosed herein systems including these tools and method of their operation.

Abstract: Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.