Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional cylindrical cavity-type laser system capable of supporting circumferential radial emission. A cylindrical ring waveguide provides optical confinement in the radial and axial dimensions thereby supporting a plurality of radial modes, one of a plurality of axial modes and a plurality of degenerate azimuthal modes. These modes constitute a set of traveling wave modes which propagate around the cylindrical ring waveguide possessing various degrees of optical confinement as quantified by their respective Q-factors. Index tailoring is used to tailor the radial refractive index profile and geometry of the waveguide to support radial modes possessing Q-factors capable of producing efficient radial emission, while gain tailoring is used to define a gain confining region which offsets modal gain factors of the modal constituency to favor a preferred set of modes supporting efficient radial emission out of the total modal constituency supported by the resonator..

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional cylindrical cavity-type laser system capable of supporting circumferential radial emission. A cylindrical ring waveguide provides optical confinement in the radial and axial dimensions thereby supporting a plurality of radial modes, one of a plurality of axial modes and a plurality of degenerate azimuthal modes. These modes constitute a set of traveling wave modes which propagate around the cylindrical ring waveguide possessing various degrees of optical confinement as quantified by their respective Q-factors. Index tailoring is used to tailor the radial refractive index profile and geometry of the waveguide to support radial modes possessing Q-factors capable of producing efficient radial emission, while gain tailoring is used to define a gain confining region which offsets modal gain factors of the modal constituency to favor a preferred set of modes supporting efficient radial emission out of the total modal constituency supported by the resonator.

Abstract: A method for joining a valve member for use within a valve, the method including brazing a body portion having a head and a base, the base having a bore extending a depth therein, to a leg portion having a shaft, the shaft having a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, and a plurality of legs extending radially and axially therefrom and away from the proximal end, the brazing including placing a braze material between the bore and the proximal end, inserting the proximal end into the bore such that a portion of an outer surface of the proximal end is adjacent to an inner surface of the bore, and heating at least the adjacent surfaces to a braze temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a ring-type laser system supporting circumferential radial emission. A cylindrical ring waveguide provides optical confinement in the radial and axial dimensions supporting a plurality of traveling wave modes with various degrees of confinement. The waveguide contains a gain media which is gain tailored to offset modal confinement factors of the modal constituency to favor radial emission. The selected modes radiate energy as they circulate the laser resonator with a 360 degree output coupler. The design is applicable toward both micro-resonators and resonators much larger than the optical wavelength, enabling high output powers and scalability. The circumferential radial laser emission can be concentrated by positioning the cylindrical ring laser inside a three-dimensional conical mirror thereby forming a laser ring of light propagating in the axial dimension away from the surface of the laser, which can be subsequently collimated for focused using conventional optics.

Abstract: A method for joining a valve member for use within a valve, the method including brazing a body portion having a head and a base, the base having a bore extending a depth therein, to a leg portion having a shaft, the shaft having a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, and a plurality of legs extending radially and axially therefrom and away from the proximal end, the brazing including placing a braze material between the bore and the proximal end, inserting the proximal end into the bore such that a portion of an outer surface of the proximal end is adjacent to an inner surface of the bore, and heating at least the adjacent surfaces to a braze temperature.