Abstract: This invention provides water-based photoresist developer/electronics cleaning compositions manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation as surfactant of an effective amount of certain dialkyl polyamine compounds of structures I or II where R and R′ are independently C5 to C8 alkyl, G is a C2-C6 linear or cyclic alkylene group which may contain C1-C4 alkyl substituents, m is 2-6, and n is 2 or 3.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain cyclic urea compounds of the structure where R is a C6 to C12 alkyl group or R″O—(CH2)m—, R′ is hydrogen or methyl, R″ is a C4 to C12 alkyl group, m is 2-4 and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based photoresist developer/electronics cleaning compositions manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation as surfactant of an effective amount of certain cyclic urea compounds of the structure where R is a C6 to C12 alkyl group or R″O—(CH2)m—, R″ is a C4 to C12 alkyl group, m is 2-4 and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated aminoalkylpiperazine compounds of the structure where one of R1 and R2 is a C5-C14 alkyl or cycloalkyl group and the other is H, or both of R1 and R2 are C5 to C8 alkyl groups, and n is 2 or 3.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated aminoether compounds of the structure R—HN(CH2)p[O(CH2)n]mO(CH2)qNH—R′ where n is 2-6, m is 0-4, and p and q are 2-6, and R and R′ independently are an alkyl group comprising 5 to 18 carbons, preferably which is branched or in which the point of attachment to nitrogen is on a nonterminal carbon.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain cyclic urea compounds of the structure where R is a C6 to C12 alkyl group or R″O—(CH2)m—, R′ is hydrogen or methyl, R″ is a C4 to C12 alkyl group, m is 2-4 and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and photoresist developing/electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated aminoalkylpiperazine compounds of the structure ##STR1## where one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a C5-C14 alkyl or cycloalkyl group and the other is H, or both or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are C5 to C8 alkyl groups, and n is 2 or 3.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based photoresist developer/electronics cleaning compositions manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation as surfactant of an effective amount of certain N,N-dialkyl urea compounds of the structure where R and R' are independently C1 to C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl with the sum of the carbon atoms in both R and R' being 6 to 12.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an aminoalkylal derivative of polymer containing a plurality of polymerized vinyl alcohol units which are vicinal, preferably a process for producing the 4-aminobutyral of poly(vinyl alcohol). The improved process for the amino-acetalization of such polymers described herein comprises reacting a 5 of 6 member cyclic imine of the structure ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 3 to 4 with the polymer containing a plurality of polymerized vinyl alcohol units. In a preferred reaction, 1,2-pyrroline is reacted with the polymer containing polymerized vinyl alcohol units under acidic conditions. Preferably the reaction is carried out by a slurry phase process employing a non solvent carrier such as methanol for the poly(vinyl alcohol). The reaction scheme for preparing the 4-aminobutyral of poly(vinyl alcohol) may be characterized by the following equation.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated diamine compounds of the structure ##STR1## where R and R' are independently C5 to C8 alkyl, and G is a C2-C6 linear or cyclic alkylene group which may contain C1-C4 alkyl substituents.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible or semi-flexible polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and a cell opening additive characterized in that the cell opening additive comprises an aqueous dispersion of particles comprising a wax substance and optionally an emulsifier, at least 35% of the particles having a size of 0.2 to 5 microns and a melting point which ranges from 0 to 55.degree. C. below the maximum foam exotherm temperature.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated aminoether compounds of the structureR--HN(CH.sub.2).sub.p [O(CH.sub.2).sub.n ].sub.m O(CH.sub.2).sub.q NH--R'where n is 2-6, m is 0-4, and p and q are 2-6, and R and R' independently are an alkyl group comprising 5 to 18 carbons, preferably which is branched or in which the point of attachment to nitrogen is on a nonterminal carbon.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated polyamine compounds of the structures I and IIRHN--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH].sub.p --(CH.sub.2).sub.n NHR Iwhere the R groups are independently hydrogen or C5 to C8 alkyl, provided that at least one R is not hydrogen; n is 2 to 6 and p is 2 to 8, and ##STR1## where the R groups are independently hydrogen or C5 to C8 alkyl, provided at least one R is not hydrogen, m is 2 to 6, t is 0 to 3, q is 0 to 3, and r is 0 to 5.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of an effective amount of certain N,N-dialkyl urea compounds of the structure ##STR1## where R and R' are independently C1 to C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl with the sum of the carbon atoms in both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being 6 to 12.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain cyclic urea compounds of the structure ##STR1## where R is a C6 to C12 alkyl group or R"O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m -, R' is hydrogen or methyl, R" is a C4 to C12 alkyl group, m is 2-4 and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated polyamine compounds of the structure ##STR1## where m is 2-6, n is 2 or 3, R and R' are C5 to C8 alkyl groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the catalytic hydrogenation of cyanopropionaldehyde alkyl acetals (CPAA) to form the aminobutyraldehyde alkyl acetals. The basic process comprises hydrogenating the cyanopropionaldehyde alkyl acetals by contacting said cyanopropionaldehyde alkyl acetals with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel or cobalt catalyst under conditions for reducing the nitrile group to the primary amine. The improvement resides in effecting the hydrogenation of a cyanopropionitrile dialkyl acetal feedstock containing contaminating levels of cyanopropionaldehyde in the presence of ammonia or a primary amine and alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for producing cyanoaldehydes and acetals wherein an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated nitrile is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group 8 metal catalyst. The improvement in the hydroformylation process resides in effecting the reaction in the presence of a trialkyl orthoester ?(R'O).sub.3 CR"! or a dialkyl ketal ?(R'O).sub.2 CR".sub.2 !.

Abstract: Reductive alkylation of branched, short chain diamines, such as 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, with certain aldehydes or ketones of moderate molecular weight, such as benzaldehyde or methyl isobutyl ketone, produces novel tri- and difunctional amines which are useful in curing epoxy resins to compositions having improved flexibility and enhanced resistance to moisture and chemicals. Particularly favorable results are achieved when this curative is combined in the epoxy formulation with low molecular weight acrylic copolymers added as flexibilizers. Further improvements are available by including in the recipe monofunctional epoxy or acrylic reactive diluents.

Abstract: Polyurethane-urea elastomers are made using as a chain extender 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol-bis-p-aminobenzoate which is the reduction product from hydrogenating 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol-bis-p-nitrobenzoate. The latter composition is preferably made by esterifying p-nitrobenzoic acid and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol using a stoichiometric excess of the diol initially, adequate to render the reaction mixture processible, and after converting to a nonvolatile form sufficient diol to form diester with substantially all of the acid, removing free diol by distillation while continuing the esterification of unreacted acid and transesterification of monoester formed to diester. This process, which can be applied broadly to esterification of other nitroaromatic acids with other aliphatic diols, produces high yields of diester without needing extraneous solvent for processibility and with only water as a by-product.