Abstract: One embodiment of the method includes transferring, by a network element, a user equipment to a different one of the plurality of RATs based on a load balancing determination and a profile for the user equipment. The profile indicates a preference for each of the plurality of RATs, and at least one of the preferences is based on at least one attribute of the user equipment monitored over a period of time.

Abstract: An optical waveguide fiber or body having a doped outer region which can be utilized in an optical coupler, a preform which can serve as the precursor for the fiber, an optical coupler, and methods of making same. Water, for example in the form of H2O and/or D2O, may be added to the cladding of the optical waveguide fiber or body.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising: (i) a central core having a relative refractive index delta ?C; (ii) a multi-pedestal region in contact with and surrounding the core, said multi-pedestal region having an outer radius of less than 25 ?m and at least two pedestals, each of the pedestals being in contact and adjacent to at least one other pedestal, each of the pedestals having a relative refractive index ?ped lower than ?C, at least one of the pedestals having ?ped value higher than 0.2%; and (iii) another region in contact and surrounding the multi-pedestal region, the other region having a relative refractive index delta which is lower than that of any pedestal.