Abstract: A method and apparatus provides user authentication by communicating primary authentication information, such as user identification data and/or password data to an authentication unit via a primary channel such as over the Internet. An authentication code is generated by the authentication unit on a per session basis and is sent to a destination unit via a first secondary channel during the session. The destination unit then retransmits the authentication code, on a second secondary channel, to the first unit in a way that is transparent to a user of the first unit. The first device then send the received re-transmitted authentication code back to the authentication unit via the primary channel during the session.

Abstract: An information security network provides a plurality of trusted authorities configurable in a rooted hierarchical structure. At least one of the trusted authorities is a superior authority and at least one of the trusted authorities are subordinate authorities. The trust authorities are capable of issuing digitally signed data structures, referred to as certificates. The superior authority is operative to generate policy control message data, such as separate message data or a certificate containing policy information, to dynamically vary policy control data to facilitate trust authority policy delegation among subordinate authorities. The policy control data includes, among other things, inter-trusted authority trust modification data to dynamically vary validation starting authorities among subordinate authorities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides user authentication by communicating primary authentication information, such as user identification data and/or password data to an authentication unit via a primary channel such as over the Internet. An authentication code is generated by the authentication unit on a per session basis and is sent to a destination unit via a first secondary channel during the session. The destination unit then retransmits the authentication code, on a second secondary channel, to the first unit in a way that is transparent to a user of the first unit. The first device then send the received re-transmitted authentication code back to the authentication unit via the primary channel during the session.

Abstract: A system and apparatus facilitates digital signing of data communicated between a first unit and a second unit through an interface independent proxy, or multiple independent proxies, interposed between the first and second units. The independent proxy has a digital signature initiation data detector to detect embedded signature initiation data in data to be signed. The independent proxy contains a signature generator through which the form based communication data flows. Initiation data is used in the communication data to automatically trigger the intermediary or independent proxy to sign the communication data. The signature generated by the intermediary is a persistent signature which is preserved in memory so that later verification can be performed once a transaction has been completed.