Abstract: An apparatus and method for imaging using microwave or terahertz radiation are described. The apparatus (10) comprises: a cell (12) comprising a vapour of atoms; one or more laser beams (14) propagating through said cell (12), said one or more laser beams (14) defining a sensing region (15) in said cell (12); an imaging beam (16) for illuminating an object receiving area for receiving an object (18) to be imaged, said imaging beam (16) comprising microwave or terahertz radiation; an imaging system (20, 22) for focussing the imaging beam (16) to form, in use, an image of said object (18) at said sensing region (15) in said cell (12); wherein respective frequencies of said one or more laser beams (14) and said imaging beam (16) are such that at least some of said atoms, when subjected to radiation of both said one or more laser beams (14) and said imaging beam (16), are excited to a final excited state which decays to a lower energy state by emission of optical fluorescence (24).