Abstract: The synthesis of a silver-PMMA nanocomposite film using herbal extract includes mixing an aqueous extract of Aristolochia bracteolate buds with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, thereby reducing the silver ions to silver metal nanoparticles. A solution of the silver nanoparticles is added to a solution of PMMA [poly (methyl methacrylate)] in N?N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with stirring at 80° C. A brown solution of silver colloids develops, which is cast in a glass plate and the DMF is evaporated at room temperature, leaving a silver-PMMA nanocomposite film. Testing on water shows the silver-PMMA nanocomposite film prevents or inhibits growth of microbes, suggesting use as an antimicrobial or antibacterial agent, e.g., in water purification. In addition, testing by disc diffusion against E. coli and Bacillus cereus showed zones of inhibition, also suggesting use as an antimicrobial or antibacterial agent.

Abstract: The green synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) silica (SiO2) nanocomposite using Nigella sativa seed extract includes mixing a quantity of carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a first suspension; stirring the first suspension while maintaining a temperature of the suspension to about 35° C.; adding plant seeds extract to the first suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding a second oxidant to the suspension to form the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles; isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation; suspending the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles in water; adding a solution comprising tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), concentrated aqueous ammonia solution and a plant seeds extract under ultrasonication; and increasing the temperature to about 90° C. to form reduced graphene oxide-silicon dioxide nanocomposite suspension.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The method of treating diabetic wounds using biosynthesized nanoparticles includes administering an effective amount of silver and gold nanoparticles to a patient in need thereof. The silver and gold nanocomposite is prepared by ‘biosynthesis”, i.e., by providing a first aqueous solution of a noble metal salt or a noble metal oxide; providing a second solution of an aqueous plant extract, and combining the first solution and the second solution to produce a solution including nanoparticles of the noble metal. The second solution includes a plant extract obtained from Solenostemma argel, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Cinnamomum cassia. The metal salt can include silver nitrate (AgNO3) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4). Nanoparticles of gold and nanoparticles of silver are prepared separately, and then mixed to obtain a composition containing a gold and silver nanocomposite.

Abstract: A method of preparing nanoparticles from desert date can include providing a metal salt solution comprising metal ions; providing desert date extract solution that comprises a reducing agent, and combining the metal ion solution and the desert date extract solution while stirring at a temperature in the range of 25° C. to 100° C. to produce metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles can be gold nanoparticles. The metal oxide nanoparticles can be zinc oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be used to inhibit the growth or proliferation of a cancer cell and/or microorganisms.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The green synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) silica (SiO2) nanocomposite using Nigella sativa seed extract includes mixing a quantity of carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into said solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a first suspension; stirring the first suspension while maintaining a temperature of said suspension to about 35° C.; adding plant seeds extract to the first suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding a second oxidant to said suspension to form the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles; isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation; suspending the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles in water; adding a solution comprising tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), concentrated aqueous ammonia solution and a plant seeds extract under ultrasonication; and increasing the temperature to about 90° C.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: The synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles includes the steps of: mixing soot with an acid to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the carbon source and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining a temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding water into the solution; adding a second oxidant into the suspension while stirring resulting in the oxidation of the carbon source to form the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles; and isolating the resulting reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation. The acid is preferably an acid mixture including, for example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The first and second oxidants can be potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Abstract: The flexible solar panel includes a polymer matrix and a plant extract incorporated in the polymer matrix. The plant extract can be an extract of chard (B. vulgaris subsp. cicla) including an organic dye. The plant extract can include chloroplasts. The polymer matrix may be formed from either poly(vinyl alcohol) or polystyrene. The flexible solar panel can be green.

Abstract: A method of preparing Adansonia digitata nanoparticles includes dissolving Adansonia digitata plant powder in an organic solvent to form a solution; spraying the solution in boiling water while applying ultrasonic energy to form a mixture; and stirring the mixture for at least about 15 minutes at a speed of about 200-800 rpm to obtain the Adansonia digitata nanoparticles.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar panel includes a titanium nanoparticle layer and a plant-derived photo-sensitizer supported on the titanium nanoparticle layer. The photo-sensitizer can be extracted from chard (the cicla cultivar group of B. vulgaris subsp. cicla), and the titanium nanoparticle layer includes titanium nanoparticles synthesized using henna (Lawsonia inermis). The titanium nanoparticle layer can, in addition to titanium nanoparticles, include zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: The dye-sensitized solar panel includes a metal oxide layer and an organic photosensitizing dye on the metal oxide layer. The organic photosensitizing dye is extracted from chard (B. vulgaris subsp. cicla), and the metal oxide layer is composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using B. vulgaris subsp. cicla dye as a reducing agent. A working electrode is mounted on a first transparent substrate. The working electrode includes a metal electrode and the metal oxide layer formed thereon. A counter electrode is mounted on a second transparent substrate. An electrolyte is sandwiched between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar panel includes a titanium nanoparticle layer and a plant-derived photo-sensitizer supported on the titanium nanoparticle layer. The photo-sensitizer can be extracted from chard (B. vulgaris subsp. cicla), and the titanium nanoparticle layer includes titanium nanoparticles synthesized using henna (Lawsonia inermis). The titanium nanoparticle layer can, in addition to titanium nanoparticles, include zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of preparing metal nanoparticles from fungi includes preparing a biomass of fungal cells; providing an aqueous solution including a metal salt; mixing the biomass of fungal cells with the aqueous solution of metal salt; and incubating the resulting mixture at a temperature range of 35° C. to 60° C. to produce the metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: A method of preparing nanoparticles of date palm seeds comprises providing date seed powder; mixing the date seed powder with an acid solution to produce date palm seed nanoparticles; and isolating the date palm seed nanoparticles. A method of controlling the growth or proliferation of bacteria can include administering an effective amount of the date palm seed nanoparticles synthesized according to the present method to a site of bacterial activity.