Abstract: High efficiency transfer of liquid toner image from an photoconductor onto an image receiver (e.g., plain paper, transparency film, and the like) using a simple and direct, one-step process, is provided. The transfer is effected using a hard (non-conformable) substrate, at least one conformable intermediate mat, the photoconductor having a release surface comprising a siloxane, the image receiver, a roller, and a source of heat and pressure. One conformable layer may be employed, resulting in two possibilities. In the first possibility, the roller comprises the source of heat and pressure and the conformable layer supports the photoconductor layer. A non-conformable layer supports the conformable layer. In the second possibility, the source of heat and pressure is on that surface of the photoconductor opposite that on which the toner image is carried and the conformable layer is positioned between the roller and the image receiver.

Abstract: Derivatives of diiminoquinilidines are useful as electron transport agents in electrophotography. The diiminoquinilidine derivatives are inexpensive materials, requiring only two steps to synthesize, have excellent solubility and compatibility with most binders due to the presence of long alkyl chains, and evidence high electron mobility.

Abstract: In organic photoconductors (OPC's) for electrophotography, a barrier layer is placed on top of the OPC. The barrier may have 2 layers--1, an electron withdrawing layer on top of the OPC; and,--2, an electron donating layer on top of the electron withdrawing layer. The barrier layer comprises: 1. a crosslinked polymer binder; 2. a charge injection prohibiter molecule, and optionally; 3. an electron withdrawing molecule. This formulation has resulted in a long-life OPC with more than 50,000 good cycles at high severity test conditions. The OPC had not only long life during continuous use, but also long shelf life and long on-again/off-again operation life.

Abstract: An organic positive-charging photoconductor (+) OPC is disclosed. The (+) OPC has a conductive substrate; a hydroxy-containing binder component forming a layer greater than or equal to about 1 micron thick on said substrate; an X-type, metal-free phthalocyanine pigment component uniformly distributed throughout said binder component; and a reactive additive component selected from the list of cross-linkable resins, carboxlyic acid anhydrides, aldehydes, poly-ols, alkoxy silane coupling agents, reactive allyl polymers and dismaleimides, the reactive additive component also being uniformly distributed throughout, and being in cross-linked relation with, the hydroxy-containing binder component with an electron withdrawing functional group and an electron donating functional group in the same molecule. The (+) OPC, which may also contain a co-additive component, exhibits increased stability in a laser printing process.

Abstract: An inverse dual-layer organic photoconductor comprising a charge generation layer (CGL) formed on top of a charge transport layer (CTL), in turn formed on a substrate such as a web (drum) or subbing layer, is disclosed, in which the CGL includes a flexible polymer having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of less than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge generation species and in which the CTL includes a rigid polymer having a T.sub.g of greater than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge transport species. The CTL is coated onto the substrate, using a non-chlorinated solvent. The CGL is coated onto the CTL, also using a non-chlorinated solvent, under conditions so as to form a diffused region at the boundary of the CGL and CTL. This type of photoconductor yields extremely low noise, exceptionally high-speed and excellent stable charging/discharging performance in the xerography process at room temperature and elevated temperature.

Abstract: An inverse dual-layer organic photoconductor comprising a charge generation layer (CGL) formed on top of a charge transport layer (CTL), in turn formed on a substrate such as a web (drum) or subbing layer, is disclosed, in which the CGL includes a flexible polymer having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of less than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge generation species and in which the CTL includes a rigid polymer having a T.sub.g of greater than about 120.degree. C. as the binder for a charge transport species. The CTL is coated onto the substrate, using a non-chlorinated solvent. The CGL is coated onto the CTL, also using a non-chlorinated solvent, under conditions so as to form a diffused region at the boundary of the CGL and CTL. This type of photoconductor yields extremely low noise, exceptionally high-speed and excellent stable charging/discharging performance in the xerography process at room temperature and elevated temperature.

Abstract: The invention is a self-cross-linked polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder for organic photoconductors (OPC's). The non-cross-linked form of the binder is available from Monsanto Co. in the U.S.A. as Butvar.TM., and from Sekisui Chemical Co. in Japan as Slek.TM.. It was discovered that the PVB may be self-cross-linked by subjecting it to a thermal cure at between about 150.degree.-300.degree. C. for about 2 hours. Other ways of cross-linking, for example, e-beam, UV or X-ray radiation, may achieve results similar to those obtained with heat. No cross-linker, nor cross-linkable copolymer nor catalyst is required to accomplish the cross-linking. After self-cross-linking, the PVB has good mechanical durability and good anti-solvent characteristics. In addition, the self-cross-linked PVB's glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) increases from about 65.degree. C. to about 170.degree. C.

Abstract: In organic photoconductors (OPC's) for electrophotography, a barrier layer is placed on top of the OPC. The barrier may have 2 layers--1, an electron withdrawing layer on top of the OPC; and,--2, an electron donating layer on top of the electron withdrawing layer. The barrier layer comprises: 1. a crosslinked polymer binder; 2. a charge injection prohibiter molecule, and optionally; 3. an electron withdrawing molecule. This formulation has resulted in a long-life OPC with more than 50,000 good cycles at high severity test conditions. The OPC had not only long life during continuous use, but also long shelf life and long on-again/off-again operation life.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method for liquid toner development using an organic, positive-charging photo-conductor (<+>OPC) is disclosed. The (+) OPC has a conductive substrate, and a polymeric binder with polar and non-polar functional moieties, the binder being a layer on the substrate greater than or equal to about 1 micron thick. Also, the (+) OPC has a phthalocyanine pigment component, and an arylamine sensitizer component selected from the group of:N--Ar(R.sub.i).sub.n, i=1,2,3; n=0,5whereAr=phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl or ter-phenyl groups, and--(O--C-phenyl-N-phenyl).sub. x, x =1-10,both the phthalocyanine component and the arylamine sensitizer component being uniformly distributed throughout the binder component.

Abstract: An organic, positive-charging photoconductor for laser printers is disclosed. The photoconductor has a conductive substrate, a hydroxy-containing binder which forms a layer greater than or equal to about 1 micron thick on the substrate, a phthalocyanine pigment uniformly distributed throughout said binder, and a reactive stabilizer containing silicon, also uniformly distributed throughout said binder. The silicon-containing stabilizer reacts with the hydroxy group in the binder, the effect of which is to improve the electrical stability of the photoconductor in the severe laser printing electrophotographic environment, and to improve surface release characteristics of the photoconductor for more efficient toner image transfer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic coating composition comprising finely-divided photoconductive perylene pigment dispersed in a solvent solution of polymeric binder is prepared by the steps of (1) milling a perylene pigment with milling media comprising inorganic salt and non-conducting particles under shear conditions in the substantial absence of the solvent to provide pigment having a particle size up to 0.2 micrometer, (2) continuing the milling at higher shear at a temperature up to about 50.degree. C., to achieve a perceptible color change of the pigment particles, (3) rapidly reducing the temperature of the milled pigment by at least 10.degree. C., (4) separating the milled pigment from the media and (5) mixing the milled pigment with the solvent solution of polymeric binder to form the coating composition. A very high degree of dispersion of photoconductive perylene pigment in solvent solution of polymeric binder is achieved by this method.

Abstract: An electrophographic recording element comprising a combination of photoconductive titanyl phthalocyanine and titanyl fluorophthalocyanine pigments. The pigments or charge-generation materials are dispersed in a binder to form a layer having excellent photosensitivity and resistance to abrasion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element having a layer formed from a liquid composition comprising polymeric binder and dispersed photoconductive titanyl phthalocyanine particles. The titanyl phthalocyanine particles have a particle size up to about 0.2 micrometer and are characterized by certain X-ray diffraction characteristics and the layers are characterized by certain spectral absorption ranges. The coating composition comprises finely-divided photoconductive titanyl phthalocyanine particles dispersed in a solvent solution of polymeric binder and is prepared by the steps of (1) milling a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment with milling media comprising inorganic salt and non-conducting particles under shear conditions in the substantial absence of the solvent to provide pigment having a particle size up to 0.2 micrometer, (2) continuing the milling at higher shear at a temperature up to about 50.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element having a layer comprising a photoconductive perylene pigment, as a charge generation material, that is sufficiently finely and uniformly dispersed in a polymeric binder to provide the element with excellent electrophotographic speed. The perylene pigments are perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid imide derivatives.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element comprising a combination of photoconductive perylene materials that are dispersed in a binder to form layers having excellent photosensitivity and resistance to abrasion. The materials are perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid imide derivatives that contain a phenethyl radical bonded to a 3,4-dicarboximide nitrogen atom.