Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of crude and apparatus for its implementation. This process comprises a separation into gas and degassed emulsion and separation of the degassed emulsion into water and oil. The invention also relates to a process of separating a hydrocarbon emulsion and apparatus for implementing this. This process comprises washing of the emulsion at an oil/water interface.

Abstract: Automatic management of demand for non-durables like electrical energy, gas, thermal energy and fresh water is provided by a two-way communication network between a Multi Utility provider (20) and many respective End-users (5). Specialized electronic boxes (27, 28) at the End-users' premises receive broadcast dowlink signals from the Multi Utility provider (20), initiate metering action and transmit to the Multi Utility Provider uplink return signals containing instant or semi-instant non-durables consumption values, thereby collectively influencing the Multi Utility provider's pricing of non-durables.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system, a method, and a computer program product for load management in an electrical power generation, transmission and distribution network. A device arranged at a load point comprises means for a procedure call that may be remotely invoked in order to switch on or off a part load of an end user for the purpose of load demand management. The invention enables load to be reduced incrementally and restored quickly and automatically. The invention is carried out in part by a computer program product. The invention advantageously uses web technology to provide a power network with automated load management in an economic way. In a power network, the invention spreads the load shaving more evenly over a wide geographical area, as opposed to the traditional method of “rotating blackouts.

Abstract: As a variation of the non-orthogonal filter, a phasor estimate is computed by using an N-point window. An aspect of the sub-window cosine filter is to repeat the basic cosine filter for only selected points of the window. In the end, a least-squares fit is used to obtain an estimate for the phasors components. Previous cosine techniques use a data window whose length is greater than 1 cycle while the present invention requires only 1 cycle.

Abstract: A method employed in a condition monitoring unit (CMU) for monitoring a circuit breaker or interrupter to obtain a substantially undistorted version of a waveform suffering from saturation distortion comprises employing a current transformer (CT) to measure a current waveform. The output of the CT is prone to be a partially distorted waveform. The invention is generic in the sense that it does not require parameters associated with the CT characteristics or with the burden impedance on the secondary side of the CT. A digital representation of the partially distorted waveform is obtained, and then undistorted portions of the partially distorted waveform are identified by comparing the amplitude of the partially distorted waveform within a sliding window to a pair of boundary values and identifying as undistorted those portions having an amplitude between the boundary values. Next, distorted portions of the waveform are separated from the undistorted portions, thereby yielding a data record with holes.