Abstract: A valve control device includes a plurality of valves respectively installed on a plurality of first pipes through which a supply fluid flows and configured to control opening and closing of the plurality of first pipes, a manifold including a second pipe connected to each of the plurality of valves and supplying a control gas to the plurality of valves, and a flow rate controller installed on the second pipe to adjust a flow rate of the control gas flowing through the second pipe, wherein the plurality of valves include at least one of a normal open (NO) type valve and a normal close (NC) valve.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing apparatus including a chamber including an inner space, a fluid supply unit configured to supply a supercritical fluid to the inner space, a fluid exhaust unit configured to exhaust the supercritical fluid from the inner space, and a controller configured to control the fluid supply unit and the fluid exhaust unit, wherein the fluid supply unit includes a fluid supply source, a supply line connecting the fluid supply source and the chamber to each other, a flow rate control valve installed in the supply line, and a flow rate measuring member installed in the supply line and positioned between the fluid supply source and the flow rate control valve, and the controller is further configured to control the flow rate control valve to supply the supercritical fluid, based on a flow rate of the supercritical fluid measured by the flow rate measuring member.

Abstract: An apparatus providing interactive content includes an input interface configured to sense an input of a user, a display configured to output a video, at least one memory configured to store instructions for performing a certain operation, and at least one processor operably connected to the at least one memory and configured to execute the instructions. The processor provides, when a plurality of animation units including object information for specifying an object to be output in the video and driving information for defining motion of the object are played, interactive content played by the object moving according to the driving information to a user, receives information of the user to be reflected in the interactive content, inserts the information of the user to a part of the object information, and plays at least one of the plurality of animation units to play the interactive content.

Abstract: An apparatus providing interactive content includes an input interface configured to sense an input of a user, a display configured to output a video, at least one memory configured to store instructions for performing a certain operation, and at least one processor operably connected to the at least one memory and configured to execute the instructions. The processor provides, when a plurality of animation units including object information for specifying an object to be output in the video and driving information for defining motion of the object are played, interactive content played by the object moving according to the driving information to a user, receives information of the user to be reflected in the interactive content, inserts the information of the user to a part of the object information, and plays at least one of the plurality of animation units to play the interactive content.

Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device capable of operating a plurality of execution environments including a first execution environment and a second execution environment is provided. The method includes generating a first authentication value, using a first application executed in the first execution environment, transmitting the first authentication value from the first application through the second execution environment to a second application executed in the first execution environment, transmitting, based on reception of the first authentication value, a second authentication value and a result of authentication of the user from the second application to the first application through the second execution environment, and performing, when the second authentication value corresponds to the first authentication value, payment based on the result of the authentication, using the first application.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for treating a substrate and a method for discharge a supercritical fluid, and more particularly, an apparatus for treating a substrate using a supercritical fluid and a method for discharging the supercritical fluid using the same. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a container for providing a supercritical fluid, a vent line through which the supercritical fluid is discharged from the container, and a freezing prevention unit disposed in the vent line to prevent the supercritical fluid from being frozen.

Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device capable of operating a plurality of execution environments including a first execution environment and a second execution environment is provided. The method includes generating a first authentication value, using a first application executed in the first execution environment, transmitting the first authentication value from the first application through the second execution environment to a second application executed in the first execution environment, transmitting, based on reception of the first authentication value, a second authentication value and a result of authentication of the user from the second application to the first application through the second execution environment, and performing, when the second authentication value corresponds to the first authentication value, payment based on the result of the authentication, using the first application.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate using a supercritical fluid. The substrate treating apparatus includes a housing, a support member disposed within the housing to support the substrate, a supercritical fluid supply unit in which the supercritical fluid is stored, a supply tube connecting the supercritical fluid supply unit to the housing to adjust an amount of supercritical fluid supplied from the supercritical fluid supply unit into the housing, and a vent tube branched from the supply tube to discharge the supercritical fluid remaining in the supply tube. A switching valve opening or closing the vent tube is disposed in the vent tube.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate using a supercritical fluid. The substrate treating apparatus includes a housing, a support member disposed within the housing to support the substrate, a supercritical fluid supply unit in which the supercritical fluid is stored, a supply tube connecting the supercritical fluid supply unit to the housing to adjust an amount of supercritical fluid supplied from the supercritical fluid supply unit into the housing, and a vent tube branched from the supply tube to discharge the supercritical fluid remaining in the supply tube. A switching valve opening or closing the vent tube is disposed in the vent tube.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for treating a substrate and a method for discharge a supercritical fluid, and more particularly, an apparatus for treating a substrate using a supercritical fluid and a method for discharging the supercritical fluid using the same. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a container for providing a supercritical fluid, a vent line through which the supercritical fluid is discharged from the container, and a freezing prevention unit disposed in the vent line to prevent the supercritical fluid from being frozen.

Abstract: A cast reactive metal body that can be used as weapon cases is offered. It is cast with aluminum or aluminum alloys with small particles and/or fibers of metals of high density such as molybdenum, tungsten or hafnium. Aluminum alloys are those that can get easily ignited when heated and burn fast afterwards in particulate forms. Metals that react intermetallically with aluminum are excluded. The particles and fibers are of the size between a few microns and a few hundreds of microns in diameter. The length of the fibers is longer than the diameter. The weight percentage of aluminum and/or aluminum alloys range from 10 to 90 percent and the weight percentage of heavy metal particles/fibers ranges from 90 to 10 percent. Other inert materials such as ceramic particles can be added in small amounts.

Abstract: Disclosed are (i) a boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups, (ii) a preparation method thereof and (iii) a chemosensor comprising the boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups. More particularly, the present invention provides a boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl group, furyl (OC4H3) group or selyl (SeC4H3) group, which is represented by the following formula (1), a preparation method thereof and a chemosensor comprising the above boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups, characterized in that the chemosensor exhibits variations in colors and fluorescent properties caused by reaction of the boron-dipyrrin compound with metal ions, including, but not limited to, Cu2+ and Hg2+: 3-(R)-4,4-di(R)-8-(R)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene ??formula (1) wherein R is any one selected from 2-thienyl group and 3-thienyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed are (i) a boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups, (ii) a preparation method thereof and (iii) a chemosensor comprising the boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups. More particularly, the present invention provides a boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl group, furyl (OC4H3) group or selyl (SeC4H3) group, which is represented by the following formula (1), a preparation method thereof and a chemosensor comprising the above boron-dipyrrin compound having thienyl groups, characterized in that the chemosensor exhibits variations in colors and fluorescent properties caused by reaction of the boron-dipyrrin compound with metal ions, including, but not limited to, Cu2+ and Hg2+: 3-(R)-4,4-di(R)-8-(R)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene ??formula (1) wherein R is any one selected from 2-thienyl group and 3-thienyl group.

Abstract: Carbonaceous material embedded within an explosive charge, is subjected to ressure and temperature conditions during detonation of the charge at a supervelocity modified to obtain a compaction pressure profile having a peak pressure that is of substantially constant prolonged duration.

Abstract: An explosive round is formed by a bundle of fibers made of explosive matel held in peripheral contact with each other within an outer casing. Axially extending channel passages thereby extend between the fibers to conduct shock waves periodically impacting explosive blockage plugs in order to generate auxiliary detonation waves in forward and reverse directions. The auxiliary waves propagated in the reverse direction collide with the original detonation wave in the fibers between the blockage plugs at the locations of axial gaps between the fiber segments so as to reduce peak pressure oscillation.

Abstract: Toys of any shape which recover their original shapes after deformation when they are heated by electrical or thermal stimulus are introduced. The deformation and shape recovery action can be repeated. The form regaining action is achieved by a special characteristics of the shape memory alloys, for example, nitinol, which change their phase and thereby change their shapes when their temperature is raised beyond their transition temperature. Toys are covered by a soft plastic to enhance the look of them.