Abstract: The non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a voltage generator configured to supply a voltage to the memory cell array. The voltage generator includes a charge pump circuit, a switching circuit, and a stage controller. The charge pump circuit includes a plurality of pump units and is configured to output a pump voltage and a pump current in accordance with a number of pump units that have received an input voltage among the plurality of pump units. The switching circuit is configured to output the pump voltage. The stage controller is configured to receive an input signal corresponding to the pump current and perform a stage control operation of generating a stage control signal for controlling the number of pump units to be driven.

Abstract: There are provided a method of operating a voltage generator. The method includes providing a reference voltage, sensing a magnitude of a charge current for increasing voltages of a plurality of word lines based on the reference voltage, determining whether the sensed magnitude of the charge current is greater than a peak current value, increasing the reference voltage in accordance with a first slope when the sensed magnitude of the charge current is less than or equal to the peak current value, and increasing the reference voltage in accordance with a second slope less than the first slope when the detected magnitude of the charge current is greater than the peak current value.

Abstract: The memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a voltage generator configured to supply a voltage to the memory cell array. The voltage generator includes a charge pump circuit, a switching circuit, and a stage controller. The charge pump circuit includes a plurality of pump units and is configured to output a pump voltage and a pump current in accordance with a number of pump units that have received an input voltage among the plurality of pump units. The switching circuit is configured to output the pump voltage. The stage controller is configured to receive an input signal corresponding to the pump current and perform a stage control operation of generating a stage control signal for controlling the number of pump units to be driven.

Abstract: The non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a voltage generator configured to supply a voltage to the memory cell array. The voltage generator includes a charge pump circuit, a switching circuit, and a stage controller. The charge pump circuit includes a plurality of pump units and is configured to output a pump voltage and a pump current in accordance with a number of pump units that have received an input voltage among the plurality of pump units. The switching circuit is configured to output the pump voltage. The stage controller is configured to receive an input signal corresponding to the pump current and perform a stage control operation of generating a stage control signal for controlling the number of pump units to be driven.

Abstract: There are provided a method of operating a voltage generator. The method includes providing a reference voltage, sensing a magnitude of a charge current for increasing voltages of a plurality of word lines based on the reference voltage, determining whether the sensed magnitude of the charge current is greater than a peak current value, increasing the reference voltage in accordance with a first slope when the sensed magnitude of the charge current is less than or equal to the peak current value, and increasing the reference voltage in accordance with a second slope less than the first slope when the detected magnitude of the charge current is greater than the peak current value.

Abstract: The memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a voltage generator configured to supply a voltage to the memory cell array. The voltage generator includes a charge pump circuit, a switching circuit, and a stage controller. The charge pump circuit includes a plurality of pump units and is configured to output a pump voltage and a pump current in accordance with a number of pump units that have received an input voltage among the plurality of pump units. The switching circuit is configured to output the pump voltage. The stage controller is configured to receive an input signal corresponding to the pump current and perform a stage control operation of generating a stage control signal for controlling the number of pump units to be driven.

Abstract: A method for treating cardiovascular disease, including hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, using abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from Torreya nucifera as an effective ingredient. The abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from Torreya nucifera not only excellently inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but also effectively inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a cardiovascular disease, such as hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis, with a pharmaceutically effective amount of an extract of Torreya nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient. Torreya nucifera extracts, abietane diterpenoid compound, or terpenoid compound isolated from the extracts were prepared by extracting Torreya nucifera leaves, stems, or seeds with water, alcohol, or mixed solution of water and alcohol, which is further fractionized with n-hexane, chloroform and etheyl acetate in that order. Further, the present invention provides a method for inhibiting an oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and inhibiting Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) using an extract of Torreya nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular disease containing extracts of T. nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient. T. nucifera extracts or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same of the present invention not only shows excellent anti-oxidative activity to LDL but also effectively inhibits ACAT activity. Further, T. nucifera extracts of the present invention reduce blood LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis caused by the LDL oxidation and the synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular disease containing extracts of T. nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient. T. nucifera extracts or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same of the present invention not only shows excel lent anti-oxidative activity to LDL but also effectively inhibits ACAT activity. Further, T. nucifera extracts of the present invention reduce blood LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis caused by the LDL oxidation and the synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular disease containing extracts of T. nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient. T. nucifera extracts or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same of the present invention not only shows excellent anti-oxidative activity to LDL but also effectively inhibits ACAT activity. Further, T. nucifera extracts of the present invention reduce blood LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis caused by the LDL oxidation and the synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl ester.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flash tank of a two-stage compression heat pump system that can perform cooling and heating with a separate type intercooler and a high-stage compressor protecting device. The system comprises a fluid-level detecting sensor for detecting the fluid-level of the refrigerant, an alarm sensor for notifying the saturated state of the refrigerant filled in the flash tank, an evaporator pressure sensor for measuring and notifying the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator, a condenser pressure sensor for measuring and notifying the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser, a flash tank fluid-level controller for receiving signals from the above sensors and controlling intermediate pressure and the fluid-level of the flash tank, and a bypass valve controller for controlling a bypass valve that receives signals from the alarm sensor and allowing a refrigerant to directly flow from the low-stage compressor to the high-stage compressor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular disease containing extracts of T. nucifera or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same as an effective ingredient. T. nucifera extracts or abietane diterpenoid compound or terpenoid compound isolated from the same of the present invention not only shows excellent anti-oxidative activity to LDL but also effectively inhibits ACAT activity. Further, T. nucifera extracts of the present invention reduce blood LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis caused by the LDL oxidation and the synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl ester.