Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a concentration of a target gas includes: a gas sensor including a sensing layer having an electric resistance that changes by an oxidation reaction or a reduction reaction between gas molecules and the sensing layer; and a processor configured to, in response to the target gas being introduced along with air into the gas sensor, monitor a change of the electric resistance of the sensing layer and determine the concentration of the target gas by analyzing a shape of the change of the electric resistance.

Abstract: A method of determining a cloud base through meteorological observation of an atmospheric research aircraft is provided. The method may include collecting meteorological observation information by performing meteorological observation while the atmospheric research aircraft changes a flight altitude, determining a flight altitude that satisfies a plurality of conditions by using the collected meteorological observation information, and determining the determined flight altitude to be a cloud base height. The plurality of conditions may include a first condition in which a liquid water content (LWC) is greater than a first threshold, a second condition in which relative humidity increases or decreases, and a third condition in which a cloud droplet number concentration is greater than a second threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a seeding effect area and a non-seeding effect area in accordance with a wind system according to the present invention can use numerical simulation data, radar precipitation data, and ground precipitation data to systematically specify the steps of determining the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area in accordance with the wind system. Moreover, the method according to the present invention can easily divide the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area according to the physical properties of clouds and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of artificial precipitation experiments conducted by purpose in the future.

Abstract: Provided is a wind blow type ground-based cloud seeding material generator for weather modification, which is capable of perform an experiment for precipitation enhancement through the steps of burning cloud seeding flares on the ground, vertically and horizontally dispersing the seeding materials, and dispersing the seeding material to clouds or fog to grow water drops and ice crystals, and which makes experiment and management easy through effective vertical dispersion of cloud seeding materials.

Abstract: A method is provided of calculating the total amount of artificial precipitation in a seeded area compared to a non-seeded area, which is capable of increasing the reliability of quantitative determination of seeding effect, observation data, and numerical model prediction data obtained from artificial precipitation experiments, of increasing the amount of water resources through weather modification experiments, of accomplishing various effects (drought reduction, forest fire prevention, fine dust reduction, fog reduction, hail suppression, etc.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system of verifying an increase in precipitation. The precipitation increase verification method includes: obtaining a first piece of observation information from an upwind area after a seeding experiment; obtaining a second piece of observation information from a downwind area; comparing the first piece of observation information with the second piece of observation information, and thus determining whether or not the first piece of observation information and the second piece of observation information fall within a linear scope; and determining that an effect resulting from the seeding experiment can be proved when the first piece of observation information and the second piece of observation information fall within the linear scope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a seeding effect area and a non-seeding effect area in accordance with a wind system according to the present invention can use numerical simulation data, radar precipitation data, and ground precipitation data to systematically specify the steps of determining the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area in accordance with the wind system. Moreover, the method according to the present invention can easily divide the seeding effect area and the non-seeding effect area according to the physical properties of clouds and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of artificial precipitation experiments conducted by purpose in the future.

Abstract: Provided is a method for analyzing an effect of a hygroscopic seeding material sprayed through an airborne cloud seeding experiment on ground aerosol concentrations, including the steps of: inputting information of meteorological fields and seeding spraying of the airborne cloud seeding experiment to a numerical cloud seeding model to execute a numerical simulation; calculating a mass concentration of the hygroscopic seeding material on ground, based on results of the numerical simulation; and calculating a contribution degree of the hygroscopic seeding material to mass concentrations of aerosols, based on comparison between the calculated mass concentration of the hygroscopic seeding material and the mass concentrations of the aerosols observed on an execution date of the airborne cloud seeding experiment.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system of analyzing ingredients of an artificial rainfall for verification of a cloud seeding effect. As the method and system, which can verify an effect of the artificial rainfall in such a manner that a seeding material becomes different according to each temperature of clouds at a seeding altitude, water sampling from precipitation is performed before and after seeding, and thus the ingredients of a water sample are analyzed using each of a method of analyzing a heavy metal component and a method of analyzing a water-soluble ion component according to a cool cloud and a warm cloud so that whether or not there is a change in each concentration of the ingredients can be determined, are provided, an experiment for the artificial rainfall can more effectively be performed.

Abstract: A method is provided of calculating the total amount of artificial precipitation in a seeded area compared to a non-seeded area, which is capable of increasing the reliability of quantitative determination of seeding effect, observation data, and numerical model prediction data obtained from artificial precipitation experiments, of increasing the amount of water resources through weather modification experiments, of accomplishing various effects (drought reduction, forest fire prevention, fine dust reduction, fog reduction, hail suppression, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for expressing a seeding line for artificial enhancement of rain in airborne experiments considering cloud water. The method includes calculating average cloud liquid water path (LWP) for each time zone in a target region based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data for the target region, calculating an average wind direction and wind velocity in the target region, calculating a middle point and left and right end points of a seeding line candidate which is based on the average wind direction and wind velocity, calculating a seeding line by correcting the seeding line candidate based on a point at which cloud liquid water contents (LWC) is a maximum within upper, lower, left and right selection regions around the middle point and a height at the point, and expressing the seeding line and the height of the seeding line as an optimal seeding line and seeding height if the maximum value of the LWC is greater than 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for estimating a snow depth including: an optical disdrometer for acquiring information on diameters of snow particles and particle number concentration; a laser snow depth gauge for measuring the height of snow accumulated through a laser beam type sensor to provide an observed stop depth; an estimated snow depth equation calculator for determining an optimal index for the diameters of the snow particles provided by the optical disdrometer, substituting the optimal index for a snow depth calculation equation as a first mathematical equation to calculate a computed snow depth, obtaining correlation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth, and calculating a regression equation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth as an estimated snow depth equation; and a snow depth estimator for estimating the snow depth on the basis of the estimated snow depth equation, and the first mathematical equation.

Abstract: Provided are an automatic precipitation sampler system and an operation method thereof. The automatic precipitation sampler system, includes a main body having an water receiving port provided in the upper portion thereof, a driving unit disposed in the main body, a circular table disposed in the main body and rotating by the driving unit, a plurality of sample containers arranged at uniform intervals from each other at positions spaced away from the center of the circular table by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the circular table, and a plurality of funnels arranged on top of each of the plurality of sample containers such that any one of the plurality of funnels is aligned with the water receiving port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for estimating a snow depth including: an optical disdrometer for acquiring information on diameters of snow particles and particle number concentration; a laser snow depth gauge for measuring the height of snow accumulated through a laser beam type sensor to provide an observed stop depth; an estimated snow depth equation calculator for determining an optimal index for the diameters of the snow particles provided by the optical disdrometer, substituting the optimal index for a snow depth calculation equation as a first mathematical equation to calculate a computed snow depth, obtaining correlation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth, and calculating a regression equation between the observed snow depth and the computed snow depth as an estimated snow depth equation; and a snow depth estimator for estimating the snow depth on the basis of the estimated snow depth equation, and the first mathematical equation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a remote observation system including: a radar for calculating a rain cloud profile; a GNSS for calculating total rain cloud profiles; a radiometer for calculating a light cloud profile; and a lidar for calculating an aerosol profile. The remote observation method according to the present invention includes: the first step of calculating a rain cloud profile by means of a radar; the second step of calculating total rain cloud profiles by means of a GNSS; the third step of calculating a light cloud profile by means of a radiometer; and the fourth step for calculating an aerosol profile by means of a lidar.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for calibrating and validating an MRR, the apparatus including a correlation calculation unit configured to determine a correlation between a precipitation strength value and a precipitation measurement value, a regression equation calculation unit configured to calculate a regression equation for the precipitation strength value and to calculate a result value of the regression equation, an optimum accumulation time determination unit configured to determine an optimum accumulation time based on the correlation and the result value, a rain cloud vertical sampling unit configured to sample a rain cloud example, a vertical reflectance comparison unit configured to compare a calibrated MRR at a shortest range distance with a vertical reflectance according to a wind system, and a radar constant correction unit configured to correct a constant of an MRR based on the optimum value or the sampling and a result value of the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method including a first step for executing, by a numerical simulation execution unit, numerical simulations on an artificial precipitation experiment according to a dispersed seeding material, a second step for calculating, by a spread field information calculation unit, spread field information about the seeding material from the results of the numerical simulations, a third step for calculating, by a point dispersion time range calculation unit, a spread time range of the seeding material for one or more observation points based on the calculated spread field information about the seeding material, and a fourth step for displaying, by a time-series display unit, the spread time range of the seeding material in observation data time series at each of the observation points.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for determining whether to perform airborne glaciogenic seeding experiments through numerical simulations including analyzing weather factors of a target area for airborne glaciogenic seeding experiments, determining whether airborne experiments are possible based on the direction of the wind, the velocity of the wind, temperature and humidity in the target area, determining seeding information by taking into consideration the direction of the wind and the velocity of the wind, performing numerical simulations using the seeding information, displaying and calculating a seeding material spread and distribution field using the results of the numerical simulations, displaying a precipitation increment and a region, and calculating an area, and determining whether a seeding effect is present or not using the displayed and calculated results.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for automatically displaying a flight path, a seeding path, and weather data, the system including: an experimental scientist terminal transmitting weather data; a pilot terminal; a terrestrial data processing server transmitting wind field observation data concerning a seeding path; and a portable data processing server that receives and stores weather data from the experimental scientist terminal and constitutes a flight path and a seeding path of an experimental airplane, and a current location of the experimental airplane, thereby transmitting information on the constituted flight path, seeding path, and current location to the experimental scientist terminal and the pilot terminal, the portable data processing server resetting the stored seeding path by control of the experimental scientist terminal based on wind field observation data concerning the seeding path, and storing location information of the experimental airplane by control of the experimental scientist termin

Abstract: Provided is a disdrometer system having a three-dimensional laser array unit, including: a plurality of laser transmitting parts which are arranged on an inner side of a cylindrical body to generate a laser beam; a plurality of laser receiving parts which are arranged on the inner side of the cylindrical body to correspond to the laser transmitting parts; and a laser control part which converts a cut-off signal of the laser beam, which is cut-off by precipitation drops flowing into the inner side of the cylindrical body, into an electrical signal, and records the converted electrical signal. Thus, the disdrometer system has an effect that the shape, volume, number, falling velocity of precipitation drops, and the intensity, density and weight of rainfall can be integrally measured.