Abstract: The present invention provides an LED lighting device, which can be directly connected to a socket for a fluorescent lamp without revising the socket to a dedicated LED Light circuit. The LED lighting device may be prevented from being damaged by the overvoltage generated in the stabilizer and introduced into the driving circuit, and this device is reactivated when a normal voltage is introduced. For this purpose, the LED lighting device includes first and second power input units, first and second rectification units, a smoothing unit, an overvoltage protection unit, and a driving voltage generation unit.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by a multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by a multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A method of transmitting pilot signals by a transmitter in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme includes allocating pilot subcarrier locations within a resource block including OFDM symbols in a time domain and subcarriers in a frequency domain based on variables of ‘18k’, ‘9mi’ and ‘floor (ns/2)’, wherein ‘k’ indicates a subchannel index, ‘ns’ indicates a symbol index, ‘mi’ corresponds to ‘(ns+i)mod 2’, ‘i’ indicates an antenna index, wherein ‘floor (n)’ denotes a greatest integer that is not greater than ‘n’; and transmitting the pilot signals to a receiver based on the allocated pilot subcarrier locations.

Abstract: A method of transmitting pilot signals by a transmitter in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme includes allocating pilot subcarrier locations within a resource block including OFDM symbols in a time domain and subcarriers in a frequency domain based on variables of ‘18k’, ‘9mi’ and ‘floor (ns/2)’, wherein ‘k’ indicates a subchannel index, ‘ns’ indicates a symbol index, ‘mi’ corresponds to ‘(ns+i)mod 2’, ‘i’ indicates an antenna index, wherein ‘floor (n)’ denotes a greatest integer that is not greater than ‘n’; and transmitting the pilot signals to a receiver based on the allocated pilot subcarrier locations.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by a multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using pilot subcarrier allocation and a method of allocating the pilot subcarriers for use in downlink and uplink communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are disclosed. The method includes providing a frame structure comprising OFDM symbols in time domain and subcarriers in frequency domain and alternately allocating first pilot subcarriers for a first antenna and second pilot subcarriers for a second antenna in the time and frequency domains, wherein each of the alternating first pilot subcarriers and the second pilot subcarriers is separated by a multiple of 9 subcarriers in the frequency domain and further allocated in two contiguous OFDM symbols.