Abstract: In one example, a photoresist composition includes about 1 to about 70 parts by weight of a first binder resin including a repeat unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, about 1 to about 70 parts by weight of a second binder resin including a repeat unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, about 0.5 to about 10 parts by weight of a photo-acid generator, about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of a cross-linker and about 10 to about 200 parts by weight of a solvent. The photoresist composition may improve the heat resistance and adhesion ability of a photoresist pattern. wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n and m independently represent a natural number.

Abstract: A semiconductor package with improved joint reliability and a method of fabricating the semiconductor package are disclosed. A conductive connector may be formed on a surface of a semiconductor wafer on which semiconductor devices may be arranged. A first insulating layer including a first opening through which a portion of the connection pad is exposed may be formed on the connection pad and the semiconductor wafer. A rewiring line electrically connected to an exposed portion of the connection pad may be formed on the first insulating layer. A second insulating layer including a second opening through which a portion of the rewiring line is exposed may be formed on the rewiring line and the first insulating layer. A connection terminal including one or more entangled wires may be formed on an exposed portion of the rewiring line so as to be electrically connected to the rewiring line.

Abstract: There is provided a fingerprint authentication method in human body communication capable of transmitting/receiving data through the fingerprint authentication. The fingerprint authentication method in human body communications is capable of classifying data about two users, which carry about a human body communication equipment, into disclosure information, protection and security information according to a predetermined security level and allowing the two users to communicate the data through contact with the human skin in the human body communication environment using a human body as a communication medium, wherein the protection and security information each having a high protection level are transmitted/received after exchanging fingerprint information and conducting the fingerprint authentication.

Abstract: A photoresist composition includes about 10 to about 70% by weight of a binder resin including a phenol-based polymer, about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of a photo-acid generator, about 1 to about 20% by weight of a cross-linker, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of a dye and about 10 to about 80% by weight of a solvent. The photoresist composition may be applied to, for example, a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may have a semiconductor chip that includes a chip pad formed on a substrate including an integrated circuit, and a passivation layer exposing the chip pad, a first redistribution wiring layer that is connected to the chip pad and extends on the semiconductor chip and includes a wire bonding pad to provide wire bonding and a first solder pad to connect the first redistribution wiring layer to a second semiconductor chip, and a second redistribution wiring layer that is connected to the first redistribution wiring layer on the first redistribution wiring layer and includes a second solder pad to connect the second redistribution wiring layer to a third semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A semiconductor module can include a printed circuit board (PCB) and a semiconductor package inserted into an inner space of the PCB. The semiconductor package may be electrically connected to the PCB. The PCB may thus surround the semiconductor package so that cracks may not be generated in the outer terminals.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and electronic devices using the same. The semiconductor module may include a first semiconductor chip, and a module substrate having a top surface on which the first semiconductor chip is mounted and a second surface opposite the top surface, wherein the module substrate includes a first buffer layer to relieve stress occurring due to a difference of thermal expansions between the first semiconductor chip and the module substrate.

Abstract: A photoresist composition comprises about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight of a photo-acid generator, about 10 to about 70 parts by weight of a novolac resin containing a hydroxyl group, about 1 to about 40 parts by weight of a cross-linker that comprises an alkoxymethylmelamine compound, and about 10 to about 150 parts by weight of a solvent.

Abstract: A system and method for providing streaming game software for a portable terminal are provided. The system includes a software producer, a service provider, a portable terminal, and a billing device. The software producer produces streaming software, and the service provider provides the software in a streaming mode. The portable terminal creates virtual computing resources by virtualizing and amplifying real computing resources for executing software and executes streaming software provided from the service provider based on the amplified virtual computing resource. The billing devices collects billing information, and calculates a cost according to a billing policy set based on the collected billing information.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an IPS-LCD device. The IPS-LCD device according to the present invention implements a multi-domain for a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned in various directions with respect to each different domain. Therefore, the different domains compensate for one another such that a color shift is prevented in spite of wide viewing angles. To form the multi-domain, the present invention provides a plurality of dielectric protrusions.

Abstract: In one example, a photoresist composition includes about 1 to about 70 parts by weight of a first binder resin including a repeat unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, about 1 to about 70 parts by weight of a second binder resin including a repeat unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, about 0.5 to about 10 parts by weight of a photo-acid generator, about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of a cross-linker and about 10 to about 200 parts by weight of a solvent. The photoresist composition may improve the heat resistance and adhesion ability of a photoresist pattern. wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n and m independently represent a natural number.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator includes: a bias voltage generator operating to generate first and second bias voltages in response to a control signal; a voltage-controlled oscillation circuit connected to a control node and configured to generate oscillation signals in response to an input voltage; a selection signal generator operating to generate a selection signal in response each to the oscillation signals; and a selection circuit operating to select one of the first and second bias voltages in response to the selection signal and outputting the selected bias voltage to the control node.

Abstract: A low-power multi-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) driver, and a semiconductor device having the same, in which the multi (M)-level PAM driver includes a load unit, first and second current sources, a pair of first input transistors, a pair of second input transistors, and a current source controller, where M is an integer greater than 3. The load unit is electrically connected to an output terminal, and the first and second current sources respectively supply a first amount of current and a second amount of current to the load unit. The pair of first input transistors electrically connects the first current source and the load unit in response to a first bit signal, and the pair of the second input transistors electrically connects the second current source and the load unit in response to a second bit signal. The current source controller activates or deactivates one of the first and second current sources in response to the first and second bit signals.

Abstract: A low-power multi-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) driver, and a semiconductor device having the same, in which the multi (M)-level PAM driver includes a load unit, first and second current sources, a pair of first input transistors, a pair of second input transistors, and a current source controller, where M is an integer greater than 3. The load unit is electrically connected to an output terminal, and the first and second current sources respectively supply a first amount of current and a second amount of current to the load unit. The pair of first input transistors electrically connects the first current source and the load unit in response to a first bit signal, and the pair of the second input transistors electrically connects the second current source and the load unit in response to a second bit signal. The current source controller activates or deactivates one of the first and second current sources in response to the first and second bit signals.

Abstract: A photoresist composition includes about 10 to about 70% by weight of a binder resin including a phenol-based polymer, about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of a photo-acid generator, about 1 to about 20% by weight of a cross-linker, about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of a dye and about 10 to about 80% by weight of a solvent. The photoresist composition may be applied to, for example, a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for an organic layer pattern includes about 100 parts by weight of an acryl-based copolymer and about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a 1,2-quinonediazide compound. The acryl-based copolymer is prepared by copolymerizing about 5 to about 60 percent by weight of an isobonyl carboxylate-based compound based on a total weight of the acryl-based copolymer, about 10 to about 30 percent by weight of an unsaturated compound carrying an epoxy group, about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of an olefin-based unsaturated compound, and about 10 to about 40 percent by weight of one selected from unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, and a mixture thereof. Methods of manufacturing a TFT substrate and a common electrode substrate using the photosensitive resin composition are also provided. Advantageously, the organic layer pattern may have a mountain structure having an improved local flatness without concave and convex structures.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling a pretilt angle direction for a liquid crystal cell comprising the steps of first setting the magnitude of pretilt angle and a plurality of pretilt angle directions in an alignment layer. This first step is achieved by irradiating linearly the alignment layer with polarized or unpolarized UV light. One of the plurality of pretilt angle directions is then selected by exposing the alignment layer to UV light a second time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell having a first substrate with a rubbed layer provided thereon, a second substrate with a photo-aligned layer provided thereon, and a liquid crystal material provided between the substrates.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an IPS-LCD device. The IPS-LCD device according to the present invention implements a multi-domain for a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned in various directions with respect to each different domain. Therefore, the different domains compensate for one another such that a color shift is prevented in spite of wide viewing angles. To form the multi-domain, the present invention provides a plurality of dielectric protrusions.

Abstract: A light irradiating device for a photo-alignment process comprises an optical system and a first polarizer polarizing the light from the optical system. The light from the first polarizer is obliquely irradiated at an angle with respect to a normal direction of a stage on which a substrate is placed.