Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate including an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface; an active pattern disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and extending in a first direction; a field insulating film disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and covering a sidewall of the active pattern; a power rail disposed on the lower surface of the substrate and extending in the first direction; a trench formed in the substrate and exposing a portion of the power rail; and a metal pattern filling at least a portion of the trench and connected to the power rail, wherein a bottom surface of the trench is substantially coplanar with the lower surface of the substrate, wherein a sidewall of the trench has a convex shape, and wherein at least a portion of the field insulating film is disposed in the trench.

Abstract: An embodiment is a thermal management system for a vehicle, the thermal management system including a main refrigerant line in which a compressor, an indoor condenser, a first expansion valve, an outdoor condenser, a second expansion valve, and an indoor evaporator are sequentially provided, a battery cooling water line in which a battery, the chiller for a battery, and a water pump for a battery are sequentially provided, a refrigerant heater disposed between the compressor and the indoor condenser on the main refrigerant line, and a controller configured to control operations of the compressor and the refrigerant heater, control opening and closing of the first expansion valve and the second expansion valve, control operations of the water pump for an electric component and the water pump for a battery, and control flow paths of the refrigerant, the cooling water for an electric component, and the cooling water for a battery.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a first fin-type pattern and a second fin-type pattern which are separated by a first trench between facing ends thereof, forming a first insulating layer filling the first trench, removing a portion of the first insulating layer to form a second trench on the first insulating layer, and forming a third trench by enlarging a width of the second trench.

Abstract: A method and user equipment for transmitting channel state information (CSI) are provided. The method includes identifying a first CSI configuration with a first index and a first information for a period and an offset; identifying a second CSI configuration with a second index and a second information for a period and an offset; and reporting a CSI for a CSI configuration with a lowest index among the first CSI configuration and the second CSI configuration, in case of collision between report of a CSI for the first CSI configuration and report of a CSI for the second CSI configuration.

Abstract: A method and user equipment for transmitting channel state information (CSI) are provided. The method includes identifying a first CSI configuration with a first channel measurement information, a first interference measurement information, and a first information for a period and an offset; identifying a second CSI configuration with a second channel measurement information, a second interference measurement information, and a second information for a period and an offset; generating a first CSI based on the first channel measurement information and the first interference measurement information; generating a second CSI based on the second channel measurement information and the second interference measurement information; transmitting the first CSI for the first CSI configuration based on the first information; and transmitting the second CSI for the second CSI configuration based on the second information.

Abstract: A method and user equipment for transmitting channel state information (CSI) are provided. The method includes identifying a plurality of CSI configurations, each CSI configuration including channel measurement information, interference measurement information, an index for the each CSI configuration, and information for a period and an offset; and reporting a CSI for a CSI configuration among the plurality of CSI configurations based on a CSI report type and an index for the CSI configuration, in case of collision between CSI reports for the plurality of CSI configurations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting feedback information by a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system are provided. The method includes receiving information about at least one Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS); performing channel estimation based on the information about at least one CSI-RS; receiving information about at least one feedback; and transmitting at least one feedback including a channel estimation result using the information about at least one feedback, wherein the information about at least one feedback includes information about a transmission timing and a feedback mode for at least one feedback.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a terminal transmits channel information for at least one serving cell to a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method for receiving periodic channel information by a base station in a wireless communication system includes determining whether to set a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) mode for allowing a terminal to periodically transmit a plurality of channel information to the base station in one sub-frame, transmitting PUSCH mode information including a result of the determination to the terminal, and receiving the plurality of channel information from the terminal using a PUSCH in the one sub-frame, according to the result of the determination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a feedback signal in a mobile communication system are provided, in which a User Equipment (UE) receives information about at least one Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) and information about at least one Interference Measurement Resource (IMR), determines at least one feedback signal to be transmitted from among a plurality of feedback signals available according to the information about the at least one CSI-RS and the information about the at least one IMR, generates the determined at least one feedback signal, and transmits the generated at least one feedback signal. The at least one feedback signal to be transmitted is determined based on bitmap information received from a central control device, and the bitmap information includes information indicating that at least one feedback signal desired to receive by the central control device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a graphene electrical wire and a method for manufacturing thereof. In particular, the graphene electrical wire includes a metal core having a shape of fiber, and a graphene layer synthesized on the outer surface of the metal core. Also, the method includes the steps of providing a metal core having a shape of fiber, and synthesizing a graphene layer on the outer surface of the metal core.

Abstract: Provided is a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication method and system that may exchange information associated with a coordinated rank for a neighbor cell. In a MIMO communication system, a target terminal may feed back the information associated with the coordinated rank to a serving base station, and the serving base station may exchange the information associated with the coordinated rank with the neighbor base station. The serving base station may perform precoding based on the exchanged information associated with the coordinated rank.

Abstract: In a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication, each of receivers may use a different channel codebook and a transmitter may determine beamforming vectors using a beamforming codebook corresponding to each of the receivers.

Abstract: Provided is a control method of a control apparatus for a multi-cell communication system including a plurality of cells, the method including determining a cell edge terminal or an inner cell terminal from each of terminals included in each of the cells, and selecting, from base stations included in the plurality of cells, a first base station and a second base station. The first base station may serve all of a corresponding cell edge terminal and a corresponding inner cell terminal, and the second base station may serve only the corresponding inner cell terminal between the corresponding cell edge terminal and the corresponding inner cell terminal.

Abstract: A rotating reference codebook used in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system is provided. The reference codebook includes codewords from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook. A base station and a terminal may calculate a rotation matrix based on a previous preferred codeword and a random codeword among codewords included in the DFT codebook. A reference codebook may be rotated using the rotation matrix and may be transformed to a new codebook. The reference codebook may include codewords of a polar cap codebook and the codewords of the DFT codebook. Even though the codewords of the DFT codebook are rotated, the codewords of the DFT codebook may remain in the new codebook as elements of the DFT codebook.

Abstract: A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system including a base station and at least one terminal may adaptively transform a codebook. The terminal may calculate one or more correlation matrices based on one or more subchannel matrices included in a channel matrix. The terminal may feed back information for the base station to reconstruct the one or more correlation matrices. The terminal may transform a codebook stored in the memory of the terminal, based on the one or more correlation matrices. The base station may verify the one or more correlation matrices using the information for the base station to reconstruct the one or more correlation matrices. The base station may transform a codebook stored in the memory of the base station such that the transformed base station codebook is the same as the transformed terminal codebook.