Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode current collector, and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes cathode active material particles. The cathode active material particles include a lithium metal oxide particle containing nickel and having a mole fraction of cobalt of 0.02 or less among all elements except lithium and oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an overwater photovoltaic panel installation structure having an environment-friendly marine-farm-type mooring anchor module that supports a photovoltaic panel on the water and includes a growth space where aquatic organisms are growable. The environment-friendly marine-farm-type mooring anchor module including a growth space where aquatic organisms are growable, includes an anchor module body defining an external appearance thereof, a frame section disposed inside the anchor module body and made of a more rigid material than the anchor module body, and a connection section exposed through an upper surface of the anchor module body and having both lower ends coupled to the frame section. The anchor module body has a plurality of growth space sections recessed from at least one surface thereof to provide a growth space for aquatic organisms.

Abstract: A computer server receives from a mobile device, via a first network, a data structure request that includes a user identifier; associates a data structure with a user profile; and transmits the data structure to the mobile device. The user profile includes the user identifier and a current balance value. The server receives from a POS device, via a second network, a balance update request that includes an updated balance value, and a validation request that includes the user identifier and the data structure. The server determines that, prior to receiving the validation request, the server had associated the data structure with the user profile. The server replaces the current balance value in the user profile with the updated balance value; and transmits to the mobile device, via the first network, a balance update confirmation confirming that the server had updated the user profile with the updated balance value.

Abstract: A computer model to identify a type of physical card is trained using simulated card images. The physical card may exist with various subtypes, some of which may not exist or be unavailable when the model is trained. To more robustly identify these subtypes, the training data set for the computer model includes simulated card images that are generated for the card type. The simulated card images are generated based on a semi-randomized background that varies in appearance, onto which an identifying marking of the card type is superimposed, such that the training data for the computer model includes additional randomized sample card images and ensure the model is robust to further variations in subtypes.

Abstract: A computer model to identify a type of physical card is trained using simulated card images. The physical card may exist with various subtypes, some of which may not exist or be unavailable when the model is trained. To more robustly identify these subtypes, the training data set for the computer model includes simulated card images that are generated for the card type. The simulated card images are generated based on a semi-randomized background that varies in appearance, onto which an identifying marking of the card type is superimposed, such that the training data for the computer model includes additional randomized sample card images and ensure the model is robust to further variations in subtypes.

Abstract: A computer model to identify a type of physical card is trained using simulated card images. The physical card may exist with various subtypes, some of which may not exist or be unavailable when the model is trained. To most robustly identify these subtypes, the training data set for the computer model includes simulated card images that are generated for the card type. The simulated card images are generated based on a semi-randomized background that varies in appearance, onto which an identifying marking of the card type is superimposed, such that the training data for the computer model includes additional randomized sample card images and ensure the model is robust to further variations in subtypes.

Abstract: A computer server receives from a mobile device, via a first network, a data structure request that includes a user identifier; associates a data structure with a user profile; and transmits the data structure to the mobile device. The user profile includes the user identifier and a current balance value. The server receives from a POS device, via a second network, a balance update request that includes an updated balance value, and a validation request that includes the user identifier and the data structure. The server determines that, prior to receiving the validation request, the server had associated the data structure with the user profile. The server replaces the current balance value in the user profile with the updated balance value; and transmits to the mobile device, via the first network, a balance update confirmation confirming that the server had updated the user profile with the updated balance value.

Abstract: A POS device receives a first authorization value from an input device, and receives from a mobile device, via a LAN interface, a user identifier and a data structure that includes an adjustment value and a structure identifier. The POS device transmits the data structure and the user identifier to a validation server, via a WAN interface. The POS device receives from the validation server, via the WAN interface, confirmation that the validation server had previously saved the structure identifier of the data structure in a database in association with the user identifier. The POS device recovers the adjustment value from the data structure, generates a second authorization value from a difference between the first authorization value and the adjustment value, and transmits an authorization request message over a payment network via the WAN interface. The authorization request message includes the second authorization value.

Abstract: A computer model to identify a type of physical card is trained using simulated card images. The physical card may exist with various subtypes, some of which may not exist or be unavailable when the model is trained. To most robustly identify these subtypes, the training data set for the computer model includes simulated card images that are generated for the card type. The simulated card images are generated based on a semi-randomized background that varies in appearance, onto which an identifying marking of the card type is superimposed, such that the training data for the computer model includes additional randomized sample card images and ensure the model is robust to further variations in subtypes.

Abstract: A POS device receives a first authorization value from an input device, and receives from a mobile device, via a LAN interface, a user identifier and a data structure that includes an adjustment value and a structure identifier. The POS device transmits the data structure and the user identifier to a validation server, via a WAN interface. The POS device receives from the validation server, via the WAN interface, confirmation that the validation server had previously saved the structure identifier of the data structure in a database in association with the user identifier. The POS device recovers the adjustment value from the data structure, generates a second authorization value from a difference between the first authorization value and the adjustment value, and transmits an authorization request message over a payment network via the WAN interface. The authorization request message includes the second authorization value.