Abstract: A pharmaceutical or food composition including alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof and their uses are disclosed. The composition is useful for preventing, alleviating, or treating muscular weakness-related diseases. When myoblasts are treated with the alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, derivative thereof, or salt thereof, differentiation into myotubes is promoted. Therefore, the alverine, 4-hydroxy alverine, derivative thereof, or salt thereof can be effectively used in the promotion of differentiation of myoblasts and the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of muscular weakness-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a muscular disease or cachexia, comprising, as an active ingredient, a miRNA located in Dlk1-Dio3 cluster or a variant thereof. In the present invention, it has been found that expression of miRNAs located in the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster is decreased as age increases. In particular, in a case where most of the miRNAs are over-expressed in fully differentiated myotubes, it has been confirmed that the diameter of the myotubes increases. In addition, also in a tumor-induced cachexia mouse model, it has been confirmed that cachexia was improved by inhibiting Atrogin-1 protein. Accordingly, the miRNA located in the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster or a variant thereof can be usefully utilized for the treatment and prevention of an Atrogin-1-dependent muscular disease and cachexia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sobrerol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can promote differentiation of myoblasts to form myotubes, thereby preventing muscle weakness and effectively improving muscle functions. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition containing the same can be effectively used for preventing or treating muscle weakness related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition and a kit for diagnosis of muscle weakness-related disease, which comprises agents for measuring the expression levels of gelsolin and tetranectin, and to a method of diagnosing muscle weakness-related disease by using the same. The composition, kit and method for diagnosis of muscle weakness-related disease according to the present invention make it possible to diagnose muscle weakness-related disease in an easy and rapid manner by molecular diagnosis, thereby systemically managing the muscle weakness-related disease while increasing therapeutic efficacy against the muscle weakness-related disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising polymerisable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, and to LC displays comprising it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sobrerol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can promote differentiation of myoblasts to form myotubes, thereby preventing muscle weakness and effectively improving muscle functions. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition containing the same can be effectively used for preventing or treating muscle weakness related diseases.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting connected pixels in a two-dimensional (2D) image having a plurality of pixels each having X-Y coordinates may compare an upper-row pixel included in a Yth row with a lower-row pixel included in a Y+1th row depending on a comparison condition, wherein Y is a positive integer, and wherein when a difference in X coordinate between the upper-row pixel and the lower-row pixel is one or less, the upper-row pixel and the lower-row pixel are determined to be positioned adjacent each other, and when the difference in X coordinate is two or more, the upper-row pixel and the lower-row pixel are determined to be spaced apart from each other and update an index map that defines a relationship between index numbers of adjacent pixels depending on the determination to set pixels with the same or associated index number in the same pixel group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising polymerisable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, and to LC displays comprising it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to A method for promoting the differentiation of myoblasts comprising treating myoblasts with butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a method for strengthening muscles comprising administering butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof; a feed or feed additive for strengthening muscles comprising butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a method for treating a disease associated with muscle weakness comprising administering butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to A method for promoting the differentiation of myoblasts comprising treating myoblasts with butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a method for strengthening muscles comprising administering butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof; a feed or feed additive for strengthening muscles comprising butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a method for treating a disease associated with muscle weakness comprising administering butylpyridinium, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A complete apoptosis of liver cells expressing HBx protein is achieved with a NF-?B inhibitor treatment. This method is useful in screening for substances or genes that inhibit complete apoptosis of liver cells expressing HBx protein, and, further, the substance or gene may be employed as an active ingredient of a therapeutic composition for treating hepatitis or hepatocarcinoma induced by HBV infection.

Abstract: The mutagenized recombinant AT of the present invention wherein some amino acids of the amino acid sequence of a wild-type AT are replaced with another amino acid has an enhanced thermoresistance compared to the wild-type AT, while maintaining its activity. A vector containing a gene encoding the recombinant AT, a microorganism transformed with said vector and a process for producing the recombinant AT with a higher thermoresistance using said microorganism are also disclosed.