Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a multiple-choice QA model based on adversarial learning techniques, wherein incorrect answers are further generated based on a data set used in the process of training the multiple-choice QA model to enrich data which are learnable by the multiple-choice QA model.

Abstract: Provided is a method of distributedly storing an individual content in a hierarchical storage system including a solid state storage having a plurality of solid state disks, a hard disk storage having a plurality of hard disks, and a tape storage. The method may include determining a target content to store and an inquiry frequency and a required minimum transmission rate of the target content upon receipt of a request message from a client device, classifying the target content as at least one of a low demanded content, a normal demanded content, a high demanded content, a low transmission rate content, a normal transmission rate content, and a high transmission rate content based on the inquiry frequency and the required minimum transmission rate of the target content, and distributedly storing the target content through at least one of the solid state storage, the hard disk storage, and the tape storage based on the classification result and a distribution and buffering policy.

Abstract: Provided is a method of distributedly storing an individual content in a hierarchical storage system including a solid state storage having a plurality of solid state disks, a hard disk storage having a plurality of hard disks, and a tape storage. The method may include determining a target content to store and an inquiry frequency and a required minimum transmission rate of the target content upon receipt of a request message from a client device, classifying the target content as at least one of a low demanded content, a normal demanded content, a high demanded content, a low transmission rate content, a normal transmission rate content, and a high transmission rate content based on the inquiry frequency and the required minimum transmission rate of the target content, and distributedly storing the target content through at least one of the solid state storage, the hard disk storage, and the tape storage based on the classification result and a distribution and buffering policy.

Abstract: A plurality of solder layers are disposed on a substrate and an optical component is aligned on each of the solder layer. Laser beams are applied to a corresponding section of the substrate to heat a first solder layer on which a first optical component is positioned. Then, the first solder layer is cooled so that the first optical component is bonded to the substrate. Subsequently, laser beams are applied to a second solder layer to bond a second optical component thereon to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fiber package for use in an optical communication device, is comprised the steps of: preparing a ribbon-type fiber stack having a pair of sheared sides, the ribbon-type fiber stack being provided with a plurality of fragmental optical fibers, each of fragmental optical fibers including a core surrounded by a cladding; partially peeling the claddings from the fragmental optical fibers to expose the cores; forming gratings into the exposed cores; and installing a pair of side connections on the pair of sheared sides in the ribbon-type fiber stack, thereby forming a fiber package. In the invention method, the ribbon-type fiber stack and a pair of side connections are utilized, which can remove a need for the step of packing the optical fiber(s), simplifying the formation of the fiber stack.

Abstract: A dispersion compensation device and an optical transmission system are capable of simultaneously compensating a dispersion value and dispersion slope in a single-mode optical fiber in a high-speed long-distance optical transmission system and a wavelength division optical transmission system. The dispersion compensation device includes N number of component optical fibers arranged in a serial fashion, N being a positive integer more than one, wherein each of the component optical fiber has a different dispersion value per a unit length, a dispersion slope per a unit length, and a different length.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fiber package for use in an optical communication device, is comprised the steps of: preparing a ribbon-type fiber stack having a pair of sheared sides, the ribbon-type fiber stack being provided with a plurality of fragmental optical fibers, each of fragmental optical fibers including a core surrounded by a cladding; partially peeling the claddings from the fragmental optical fibers to expose the cores; forming gratings into the exposed cores; and installing a pair of side connections on the pair of sheared sides in the ribbon-type fiber stack, thereby forming a fiber package. In the invention method, the ribbon-type fiber stack and a pair of side connections are utilized, which can remove a need for the step of packing the optical fiber(s), simplifying the formation of the fiber stack.

Abstract: An easy method proposes a passive alignment by using an alignment mark. That is, V-shaped grooves are utilized as alignment marks in place of a metal pattern of the prior art in observing an optical contrast. Also, in order to adjust a height of an optical device, the support made of a metal is formed in the conventional method, whereas in the present invention a height of an optical device is adjusted by etching the silicon substrate and clamped through the use of solder bumps formed in the V-shaped grooves. And also, in this invention, it is possible that V-shaped grooves can be facilely formed on a non-planarized substrate by using a method of burying a mask material during the formation of the V-shaped grooves. By applying the above principle, the present invention proposes a process capable of passive aligning an optical device, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) and an optical fiber, simultaneously.

Abstract: A rare earth-doped optical fiber comprises a cladding, a center core doped with a rare earth element, the center core having a refractive index higher than that of the cladding, and a ring-shaped core surrounding the center core without contact and having a refractive index higher than that of the cladding and lower than that of the center core.