Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower electrode; a supporter supporting an outer wall of the lower electrode; a dielectric layer formed on the lower electrode and the supporter; an upper electrode on the dielectric layer; a first interfacial layer disposed between the lower electrode and the dielectric layer and selectively formed on a surface of the lower electrode among the lower electrode and the supporter; and a second interfacial layer disposed between the dielectric layer and the upper electrode, wherein the first interfacial layer is a stack of a metal oxide contacting the lower electrode and a metal nitride contacting the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Charging system and method using a motor driving system are proposed. The charging system includes a battery, an inverter to which D.C. power stored in the battery is applied, including a plurality of legs each including two switching elements, a motor including a plurality of coils of which first ends are respectively connected to connection nodes of the switching elements of each of the plurality of legs, and second ends are connected to each other to form a neutral point, and an inverter driving part configured to control switching of the switching elements, so that switching speeds of the switching elements are different for each mode of a motor driving mode and a charging mode so as to change magnitude of charging voltage supplied to the neutral point of the motor and to output the charging voltage to the battery.

Abstract: The present technology provides a method of operating a controller that controls a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells. The method of operating the controller includes controlling the semiconductor memory device to perform a read operation on selected memory cells among the plurality of memory cells by using a read voltage set including at least one read voltage, receiving read data from the semiconductor memory device, and changing at least one read voltage included in the read voltage set by counting, based on the read data, a number of memory cells each having a threshold voltage lower than the at least one read voltage included in the read voltage set.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a semiconductor device and a method of operating the same. The semiconductor device includes a sensing voltage generator configured to generate a temperature voltage having a voltage level determined according to an internal temperature of the semiconductor device and a reference voltage having a constant voltage level, a code generator configured to generate a temporary code including a sensing code value corresponding to the internal temperature and a boundary value indicating whether the internal temperature is included in a boundary portion associated with at least one temperature range corresponding to the sensing code value based on the temperature voltage and the reference voltage, and a code correction component configured to generate a correction code for generating an operation voltage of the semiconductor device by correcting the temporary code, based on the temporary code and a previously generated correction code.

Abstract: A memory system is provided to include a memory device and a memory controller configured to control the memory device. The memory device includes a first data latch storing information about a state of the memory cell and is configured to: execute a first verification operation and a second verification operation on the memory cell in response to receiving, from the memory controller, a suspend command to suspend a program operation being performed on the memory cell; store, in the first data latch, a temporary value obtained based on a result value of the first verification operation and a result value of the second verification operation; and execute, a resumption command to resume the program operation, a third verification operation, and restore the result value of the first verification operation and the result value of the second verification operation.

Abstract: A memory system is provided to include a memory device and a memory controller configured to control the memory device. The memory device includes a first data latch storing information about a state of the memory cell and is configured to: execute a first verification operation and a second verification operation on the memory cell in response to receiving, from the memory controller, a suspend command to suspend a program operation being performed on the memory cell; store, in the first data latch, a temporary value obtained based on a result value of the first verification operation and a result value of the second verification operation; and execute, a resumption command to resume the program operation, a third verification operation, and restore the result value of the first verification operation and the result value of the second verification operation.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a semiconductor device and a method of operating the same. The semiconductor device includes a sensing voltage generator configured to generate a temperature voltage having a voltage level determined according to an internal temperature of the semiconductor device and a reference voltage having a constant voltage level, a code generator configured to generate a temporary code including a sensing code value corresponding to the internal temperature and a boundary value indicating whether the internal temperature is included in a boundary portion associated with at least one temperature range corresponding to the sensing code value based on the temperature voltage and the reference voltage, and a code correction component configured to generate a correction code for generating an operation voltage of the semiconductor device by correcting the temporary code, based on the temporary code and a previously generated correction code.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a coating composition comprising a composite in which a dissociated natural polymer compound is bound onto at least a portion of the surface of acrylic polymer particles.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a solid lithium salt from a lithium solution including the steps of, preparing a mixture in which a phosphorus-containing material is added to a lithium solution in step 1; adding a basic solution to the prepared mixture to adjust the pH in step 2; making the pH-adjusted mixture react by raising its temperature and filtering to recover lithium phosphate in step 3; preparing an acid lithium solution in which distilled water and acid are added to the recovered lithium phosphate, in step 4; and recovering a solid lithium salt by evaporative concentration of the acid lithium solution, in step 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of crude copper from low-grade copper sludge, one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: (1) calcining a low-grade copper sludge (step 1); (2) producing a mixture by adding at least one selected from a group consisting of binder, flux and combinations thereof to the calcined low-grade copper sludge (step 2); (3) producing a briquette by compression molding the mixture (step 3); (4) melting and reducing by charging the briquette into a submerged arc furnace with adding flux (step 4); and (5) separating crude copper and slag produced by melting and reducing (step 5).

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing lithium phosphate from a lithium solution, comprising the steps of, preparing a mixture in which a phosphorus-containing material is added to a lithium solution in step 1; adding a basic solution to the prepared mixture to adjust the pH to 10 to 12 in step 2; and making the pH-adjusted mixture react by raising its temperature and filtering to recover lithium phosphate in step 3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound composition for a vehicle interior material using a natural fiber, which has use for enhancing physical properties, such as shock resistance, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation, flexural modulus of elasticity, and heat deflection temperature, while realizing a reduction in weight of a vehicle. The compound composition is composed of a base resin obtained by mixing a high-fluidity polypropylene resin and a high-impact polypropylene resin, the base resin being a thermoplastic resin, a reinforcing filler that is a lightweight, eco-friendly, and low-density natural fiber, an impact modifier that is ethylene-propylene-octene rubber, an inorganic filler that functions as a nuclear agent, and a maleic-anhydride compatibilizer.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of separating and recovering valuable metals from remanufacturing solution of a spent desulfurization catalyst containing vanadium, and more particularly, to a method of separating and recovering a valuable metal from remanufacturing solution of a spent desulfurization catalyst containing vanadium, which includes: adding organic acid to a spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst after collecting the spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst in order to prepare the remanufacturing solution of the spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst; adding an extracting agent and a diluent to the remanufacturing solution to extract molybdenum and extracting vanadium from an extracted filtrate to obtain an organic phase; and adding a stripping agent to the organic phase to strip and recover vanadium.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a solid lithium salt from a lithium solution including the steps of, preparing a mixture in which a phosphorus-containing material is added to a lithium solution in step 1; adding a basic solution to the prepared mixture to adjust the pH in step 2; making the pH-adjusted mixture react by raising its temperature and filtering to recover lithium phosphate in step 3; preparing an acid lithium solution in which distilled water and acid are added to the recovered lithium phosphate, in step 4; and recovering a solid lithium salt by evaporative concentration of the acid lithium solution, in step 5.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing lithium phosphate from a lithium solution, comprising the steps of, preparing a mixture in which a phosphorus-containing material is added to a lithium solution in step 1; adding a basic solution to the prepared mixture to adjust the pH to 10 to 12 in step 2; and making the pH-adjusted mixture react by raising its temperature and filtering to recover lithium phosphate in step 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of crude copper from low-grade copper sludge, one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: (1) calcining a low-grade copper sludge (step 1); (2) producing a mixture by adding at least one selected from a group consisting of binder, flux and combinations thereof to the calcined low-grade copper sludge (step 2); (3) producing a briquette by compression molding the mixture (step 3); (4) melting and reducing by charging the briquette into a submerged arc furnace with adding flux (step 4); and (5) separating crude copper and slag produced by melting and reducing (step 5).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound composition for a vehicle interior material using a natural fiber, which has use for enhancing physical properties, such as shock resistance, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation, flexural modulus of elasticity, and heat deflection temperature, while realizing a reduction in weight of a vehicle. The compound composition is composed of a base resin obtained by mixing a high-fluidity polypropylene resin and a high-impact polypropylene resin, the base resin being a thermoplastic resin, a reinforcing filler that is a lightweight, eco-friendly, and low-density natural fiber, an impact modifier that is ethylene-propylene-octene rubber, an inorganic filler that functions as a nuclear agent, and a maleic-anhydride compatibilizer.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of separating and recovering valuable metals from remanufacturing solution of a spent desulfurization catalyst containing vanadium, and more particularly, to a method of separating and recovering a valuable metal from remanufacturing solution of a spent desulfurization catalyst containing vanadium, which includes: adding organic acid to a spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst after collecting the spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst in order to prepare the remanufacturing solution of the spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst; adding an extracting agent and a diluent to the remanufacturing solution to extract molybdenum and extracting vanadium from an extracted filtrate to obtain an organic phase; and adding a stripping agent to the organic phase to strip and recover vanadium.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for the ketogenic diet and a preparation method thereof, specifically a composition suitable for the ketogenic diet provided in a liquid form, which has the ketogenic ratio of 3-5:1, and a preparation method thereof. The composition for the ketogenic diet according to the preparation method of the present invention can be easily taken by patients since it does not cause rejections such as vomit or diarrhea which may occur with the start of the ketogenic diet, and eliminate the inconvenience of taking additional food for obtaining other functional elements required for the human body owing to functional substances included therein. Moreover, the homogenous liquid form of the present composition allows it to easily slide down the throat and provides good texture in the mouth, thereby it helps a patient to easily take the same.

Abstract: A resistive paste composition comprising 5 to 75% by weight of ruthenium(Ru) metal or ruthemium oxide particles having a specific surface area of 5 to 30 m2/g, 5 to 75% by weight of silver(Ag) metal or its compound particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 3 &mgr;m and a maximum particle size of 8 &mgr;m or less, 5 to 40% by weight of a glass frit having a softening point of 400 to 550° C. and 5 to 45% by weight of an organic binder can be coated by a conventional screen-printing or dipping method on a substrate and then calcined at a low temperature of about 500 to 600° C. to form an electrically heat-generating thick film layer having good stability, uniformity and heat-up characteristics.