Abstract: An ESD protection circuit for reducing the regulator output capacitance includes a ground isolation circuit or a VCC isolation circuit to isolate regulator output from ground terminal or VCC terminal whenever ESD occurs, causing dropping of the differential voltage between regulator output and ground. The isolation circuits function to minimize the leakage current.

Abstract: The electrical isolation circuit of the present disclosure includes a switch coupled between the DC power source and the electrical application and a comparator for controlling the switch by receiving inputs from the DC power source and the electrical application. The comparator causes the switch to switch ON when the DC power source has a higher voltage than the electrical application allowing the normal operation of the electrical application. However, when the electrical application has a higher voltage than the DC power source, the comparator causes the switch to switch OFF thereby preventing flow of current from the electrical application to the DC power source.

Abstract: An analog voltage latch for use in a controller for controlling a motor equipped electric bicycle, includes a window comparator for comparing an analog voltage latch output and an analog input voltage to produce a comparison result, an S-R latch for producing HIGH or LOW according to the comparison result, a selector for selecting an operation, an up/down counter for counting up or down according to the HIGH or LOW from the S-R latch, and holding the counted result according to the selector result, and a DA converter for converting the counted result to analog signal.

Abstract: A backward pedaling detection circuit has a charging/discharging circuit for charging and discharging the external capacitor to meet the threshold voltage required by the hysteresis comparator, based on the input from the hall sensor. An internal pull-down circuit, based on the pedal speed, keeps the circuit from false triggering. A comparator with hysteresis (Schmitt trigger) sets the upper and lower threshold voltage and eliminates the effect of noise. AND gates act like switches to allow the selected signal to pass through.

Abstract: An electric power-assist system for a manually operated vehicle, such as a bicycle, has a pedal with Hall sensors for producing a signal representing a rotational speed of the pedal, and an electric motor for power assisting the driving force of the bicycle. A speed counter, speed decision block, up/down counter, and comparator are provided so that the power assist by the electric motor increases or degreases, as the speed of the manual controlling device increases or decreases, respectively.

Abstract: An electric motor speed controller for use in a bicycle includes a motor to provide a propulsion force to move the bicycle. The actual motor speed and a target motor speed are compared, and if the actual motor speed is lower, more current is supplied to the motor, and if the actual motor speed is higher, less current is supplied to the motor.

Abstract: An analog voltage latch for use in a controller for controlling a motor equipped electric bicycle, includes a window comparator for comparing an analog voltage latch output and an analog input voltage to produce a comparison result, an S-R latch for producing HIGH or LOW according to the comparison result, a selector for selecting an operation, an up/down counter for counting up or down according to the HIGH or LOW from the S-R latch, and holding the counted result according to the selector result, and a DA converter for converting the counted result to analog signal.

Abstract: A motor driver controller for controlling a motor equipped in an electric bicycle includes a power supply block for supplying power to the motor, a mode select block for selecting a mode between pedal assist mode and throttle/cruise mode. The pedal assist mode is controlled by a pedal assist block which detects the bicycle pedal speed. The throttle/cruise mode is controlled by a voltage track-and-follow block which produces a signal indicating the power to be supplied to the motor from the power supply block.

Abstract: An electric motor speed controller for use in a bicycle includes a motor to provide a propulsion force to move the bicycle. The actual motor speed and a target motor speed are compared, and if the actual motor speed is lower, more current is supplied to the motor, and if the actual motor speed is higher, less current is supplied to the motor.

Abstract: An electric power-assist system for a manually operated vehicle, such as a bicycle, has a pedal with Hall sensors for producing a signal representing a rotational speed of the pedal, and an electric motor for power assisting the driving force of the bicycle. A speed counter, speed decision block, up/down counter, and comparator are provided so that the power assist by the electric motor increases or degreases, as the speed of the manual controlling device increases or decreases, respectively.

Abstract: The electrical isolation circuit of the present disclosure includes a switch coupled between the DC power source and the electrical application and a comparator for controlling the switch by receiving inputs from the DC power source and the electrical application. The comparator causes the switch to switch ON when the DC power source has a higher voltage than the electrical application allowing the normal operation of the electrical application. However, when the electrical application has a higher voltage than the DC power source, the comparator causes the switch to switch OFF thereby preventing flow of current from the electrical application to the DC power source.