Abstract: Disclosed are a spinning dope for an aramid and carbon-nanotube composite fiber and a method of manufacturing an aramid and carbon-nanotube composite fiber using the same.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying emergency power according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a protection circuit unit connected to a battery and configured to limit an available voltage range of the battery; a bypass unit connected in parallel to the protection circuit unit and configured to form a bypass path of a current output from the battery according to an operation state of a disposed switching element; and a control unit configured to electrically connect the bypass path formed by the bypass unit by controlling the operation state of the switching element to a turn-on state.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a conductive structure body, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrode and an electronic device including the conductive structure body.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and/or reliability of the element, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor, using a capacitor dielectric film including a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. The semiconductor device includes first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and a capacitor dielectric film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film. The first dielectric film includes one of a first monometal oxide film and a first bimetal oxide film, the first dielectric film has an orthorhombic crystal system, the second dielectric film includes a paraelectric material, and a dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric film is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric film.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and/or reliability of the element, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor, using a capacitor dielectric film including a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. The semiconductor device includes first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and a capacitor dielectric film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film. The first dielectric film includes one of a first monometal oxide film and a first bimetal oxide film, the first dielectric film has an orthorhombic crystal system, the second dielectric film includes a paraelectric material, and a dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric film is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric film.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and/or reliability of the element, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor, using a capacitor dielectric film including a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. The semiconductor device includes first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and a capacitor dielectric film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film. The first dielectric film includes one of a first monometal oxide film and a first bimetal oxide film, the first dielectric film has an orthorhombic crystal system, the second dielectric film includes a paraelectric material, and a dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric film is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric film.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and/or reliability of the element, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor, using a capacitor dielectric film including a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. The semiconductor device includes first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and a capacitor dielectric film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film. The first dielectric film includes one of a first monometal oxide film and a first bimetal oxide film, the first dielectric film has an orthorhombic crystal system, the second dielectric film includes a paraelectric material, and a dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric film is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric film.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and/or reliability of the element, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor, using a capacitor dielectric film including a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. The semiconductor device includes first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other, and a capacitor dielectric film disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film. The first dielectric film includes one of a first monometal oxide film and a first bimetal oxide film, the first dielectric film has an orthorhombic crystal system, the second dielectric film includes a paraelectric material, and a dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric film is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric film.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor includes a plurality of interlayer insulating layers and a plurality of gate electrodes alternately stacked in a first direction on a substrate. The plurality of interlayer insulating layers and the plurality of gate electrodes constitute a side surface extended in the first direction. A gate dielectric layer is disposed on the side surface. A channel pattern is disposed on the gate dielectric layer. The gate dielectric layer includes a protective pattern, a charge trap layer, and a tunneling layer. The protective pattern includes a portion disposed on a corresponding gate electrode of the plurality of gate electrodes. The charge trap layer is disposed on the protective pattern. The tunneling layer is disposed between the charge trap layer and the channel pattern. The protective pattern is denser than the charge trap layer.

Abstract: Tunnel insulation layer structures and methods of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The tunnel insulation layer structures may include a first tunnel insulation layer, a second tunnel insulation layer, a third tunnel insulation layer, a fourth tunnel insulation layer and a fifth tunnel insulation layer. The first tunnel insulation layer on a substrate has a first band gap energy. The second tunnel insulation layer on the first tunnel insulation layer has a second band gap energy which is lower than the first band gap energy. The third tunnel insulation layer on the second tunnel insulation layer has a third band gap energy which is higher than the second band gap energy. The fourth tunnel insulation layer on the third tunnel insulation layer has a fourth band gap energy which is lower than the third band gap energy. The fifth tunnel insulation layer on the fourth tunnel insulation layer has a fifth band gap energy which is higher than the fourth band gap energy.

Abstract: In a method of forming an oxide layer of a semiconductor process, a preliminary precursor flow is provided on a substrate in a deposition chamber to form a preliminary precursor layer, a precursor flow and a first oxidizing agent flow are provided on the preliminary precursor layer alternately and repeatedly to form precursor layers and first oxidizing agent layers alternately stacked on the preliminary precursor layer, and a second oxidizing agent flow is provided on the precursor layer or the first oxidizing agent layer alternately stacked to form a second oxidizing agent layer.

Abstract: Three-dimensional semiconductor memory devices and methods of fabricating the same. The three-dimensional semiconductor devices include an electrode structure with sequentially-stacked electrodes disposed on a substrate, semiconductor patterns penetrating the electrode structure, and memory elements including a first pattern and a second pattern interposed between the semiconductor patterns and the electrode structure, the first pattern vertically extending to cross the electrodes and the second pattern horizontally extending to cross the semiconductor patterns.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device having a vertical structure includes a semiconductor layer, a sidewall insulation layer extending in a vertical direction on the semiconductor layer, and having one or more protrusion regions, first control gate electrodes arranged in the vertical direction on the semiconductor layer, and respectively contacting one of portions of the sidewall insulation layer where the one or more protrusion regions are not formed and second control gate electrodes arranged in the vertical direction on the semiconductor layer, and respectively contacting one of the one or more protrusion regions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes insulation layers and gate electrodes alternately stacked on a substrate, a vertical channel vertically passing through the insulation layers and the gate electrodes, and a threshold voltage controlling insulation layer, a tunnel insulation layer and a charge storage layer disposed between the vertical channel and the gate electrodes, wherein the threshold voltage controlling insulation layer is disposed between the charge storage layer and the vertical channel and including a material configured to suppress an inversion layer from being formed in the vertical channel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vertical memory device includes forming alternating and repeating insulating interlayers and sacrificial layers on a substrate, the sacrificial layers including polysilicon or amorphous silicon, forming channel holes through the insulating interlayers and the sacrificial layers, forming channels in the channel holes, etching portions of the insulating interlayers and the sacrificial layers between adjacent channels to form openings, removing the sacrificial layers to form gaps between the insulating interlayers, and forming gate lines in the gaps.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory devices include at least four cylindrical-shaped channel regions, which extend vertically from portions of a substrate located at respective vertices of at least one rhomboid when viewed in a vertical direction relative to a surface of the substrate. A charge storage layer (e.g., ONO layer) is provided on an outer sidewall of each of the cylindrical-shaped channel regions. In addition, to achieve a high degree of integration, a plurality of vertically-stacked gate electrodes are provided, which extend adjacent each of the cylindrical-shaped channel regions.

Abstract: A vertical-type nonvolatile memory device includes a first vertical channel structure, and first and second stacked structure. The first vertical channel structure extends vertically on a substrate. The first stacked structure includes gate electrodes and first interlayer insulating layers. The gate layers and the first interlayer insulating layers are alternately and vertically stacked on each other. The first stacked structure is disposed on a first sidewall of the first vertical channel structure. The second stacked structure includes first sacrificial layers and second interlayer insulating layers. The first sacrificial layers and the second interlayer insulating layers are alternately and vertically stacked on each other. The second stacked structure is disposed on a second sidewall of the first vertical channel structure. The first sacrificial layers is formed of a polysilicon layer.

Abstract: A vertical memory device includes a channel array, a charge storage layer structure, multiple gate electrodes and a dummy pattern array. The channel array includes multiple channels, each of which is formed on a first region of a substrate and is formed to extend in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The charge storage layer structure includes a tunnel insulation layer pattern, a charge storage layer pattern and a blocking layer pattern, which are sequentially formed on a sidewall of each channel in the second direction substantially parallel to the top surface of the substrate. The gate electrodes arranged on a sidewall of the charge storage layer structure and spaced apart from each other in the first direction. The dummy pattern array includes multiple dummy patterns, each of which is formed on a second region adjacent the first region of the substrate and is formed to extend in the first direction.

Abstract: There is provided a peripheral circuit region including a plurality of circuit elements disposed on a first substrate; and a cell region including at least one channel region extending from an upper surface of a second substrate disposed on the first substrate in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second substrate, and a plurality of gate electrode layers and a plurality of insulating layers stacked on the second substrate to be adjacent to the at least one channel region, wherein at least a portion of the first substrate contacts the second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate provide a single substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a channel region extending in a vertical direction perpendicular to a substrate and having a nitrogen concentration distribution, a plurality of gate electrodes arranged on a side wall of the channel region and separated from each other in a vertical direction, and a gate dielectric layer disposed between the channel region and the gate electrodes. The nitrogen concentration distribution has a first concentration near an interface between the channel region and the gate dielectric layer.