Abstract: Various embodiments generally relate to a power distribution network and a semiconductor device, which may include: a plurality of chip pads; a first distribution layer in which a plurality of first conductive lines having rectangular shapes of different sizes, respectively, are disposed; a second distribution layer in which a plurality of second conductive lines including a central cross-shaped conductive line and L-shaped conductive lines open toward respective corners of the second distribution layer are disposed; and a redistribution layer electrically coupling chip pads to which power is applied among the plurality of chip pads and the first conductive lines of the first distribution layer.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device is provided. The method includes: receiving a first command from a controller; activating a page of a memory cell array based on the first command; reading data of the activated page; detecting an error from the read data; correcting the detected error to generate error correction data; writing back the error correction data to the activated page in based on the detected error being a single-bit error; and blocking write-back of the error correction data to the activated page based on the detected error being a multi-bit error.

Abstract: The carrier-foil-attached ultra-thin copper foil according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a carrier foil, a release layer, a first ultra-thin copper foil, a Cu—Al bonding strength improvement layer, an Al layer, and a second ultra-thin copper foil, wherein the release layer may comprise a first metal (A3) having peeling properties, and a second metal (B3) and third metal (C3) facilitating the plating of the first metal (A3).

Abstract: An Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) management server and a method for controlling the ESL management server are disclosed. An ESL management server for compressing an image to be displayed on an external display device of the ESL system comprises a communication unit obtaining an image including product information; and a processor applying a first pre-processing process to the image, chain coding the image to which the first pre-processing process has been applied, encoding a chain code and a chain code table obtained as a result of the chain coding into a bitstream, generating a compressed image file using the bitstream, and transmitting the compressed image file to an external display device through the communication unit, where the first pre-processing process converts data with a high local correlation within the image into a small integer but converts data with a small local correlation within the image into a large integer.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes an NAG-1 inhibitor as an active ingredient for inhibiting resistance against an anticancer drug of an ovarian cancer patient and a method of diagnosing prognosis of resistance against an anticancer drug of an ovarian cancer patient by using the NAG-1 inhibitor. It is found by controlling NAG-1 protein that NAG-1, which is overexpressed in an ovarian cancer patient and in an ovarian cancer stem cell having resistance against an anticancer drug, plays a key role in a chronic inflammatory reaction and resistance against an anticancer drug, and in this regard, NAG-1 can be used as a target gene for effective tumor therapy.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes an NAG-1 inhibitor as an active ingredient for inhibiting resistance against an anticancer drug of an ovarian cancer patient and a method of diagnosing prognosis of resistance against an anticancer drug of an ovarian cancer patient by using the NAG-1 inhibitor. It is found by controlling NAG-1 protein that NAG-1, which is overexpressed in an ovarian cancer patient and in an ovarian cancer stem cell having resistance against an anticancer drug, plays a key role in a chronic inflammatory reaction and resistance against an anticancer drug, and in this regard, NAG-1 can be used as a target gene for effective tumor therapy.

Abstract: There is provided an image sensor including: a plurality of first electrodes respectively formed within a plurality of pixel areas, the pixel areas being formed on a substrate; a protection layer formed on an upper surface of the substrate and including a plurality of contact holes respectively exposing the first electrodes of the pixel areas; a plurality of auxiliary electrodes respectively contacting with the first electrodes through the contact holes and extending to an upper surface of the protection layer of the pixel area; a photoconductive layer formed on both the first electrodes and on the auxiliary electrodes; and a second electrode formed on the photo conductive layer.

Abstract: There is provided an image sensor including: a plurality of first electrodes respectively formed within a plurality of pixel areas, the pixel areas being formed on a substrate; a protection layer formed on an upper surface of the substrate and including a plurality of contact holes respectively exposing the first electrodes of the pixel areas; a plurality of auxiliary electrodes respectively contacting with the first electrodes through the contact holes and extending to an upper surface of the protection layer of the pixel area; a photoconductive layer formed on both the first electrodes and on the auxiliary electrodes; and a second electrode formed on the photo conductive layer.

Abstract: A method of operating a directory proxy agent (DPA) in a low-power wireless personal area network (LoWPAN) includes advertising a service registration request message to neighboring nodes including at least one service agent and at least one user agent to receive a service registration message from the at least one service agent, storing information for the at least one service agent to a memory to refresh a service information list when the at least one service is not stored in the memory, and transmitting the service information list to at least one directory agent or another DPA to cause the at least one directory agent or the other DPA to be consistent with information for the at least one service agent. Thus, the method may use a DPA to effectively search for information for a service desired by a user agent.

Abstract: In a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) system having a router and a sensor node connectable to a detachable memory device, a sensor network configuration information including a sensor network identification is received from the detachable memory device under control of the router. The sensor network configuration information including the sensor network identification is received from the detachable memory device under control of the sensor node. A sensor network is configured based on the sensor network identification under control of at least one of the router and the sensor node. Accordingly, the USN system may be automatically configured by using the detachable memory devices including the sensor network configuration information.

Abstract: A LoWMob (LoWPAN Mobility: Low power Wireless Personal Area Network) system comprises a mobile node, at least one sensor node, a border node and a gateway. The mobile node configured transmits at least one data packet within an MST (Maximum Sleep Time). The mobile node corresponds to an FFD (Full Function Device) or an RFD (Reduced Function Device). The at least one sensor node is configured to be densely to a degree that a transmission range overlaps and configured to be able to measure a moving direction of the mobile node. The boarder node is configured to be arranged at a periphery of the PAN and configured to turn off a transceiver in a quasi-sleep state. The gateway is directly connected with a first least part of the at least one sensor node.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrodynamic bearing assembly structure capable of significantly reducing an increase in current while increasing bearing strength. The hydrodynamic bearing assembly includes: a rotating member including a shaft; a sleeve including a shaft hole so that the shaft is rotatably inserted thereinto; and a plurality of dynamic pressure generation grooves formed in at least one of an outer circumferential surface of the shaft and an inner circumferential surface of the sleeve and formed in upper and lower portions of the shaft or the sleeve in an axial direction so as to generate dynamic pressure in lubricating fluid filled in a bearing clearance formed between the shaft and the sleeve at the time of rotation of the shaft, wherein any one or more of the plurality of dynamic pressure generation grooves has a depth deeper than that of the other dynamic pressure generation groove.

Abstract: There are provided a hydrodynamic bearing assembly and a spindle motor including the same. The hydrodynamic bearing assembly includes: a shaft; a sleeve including a shaft hole so that the shaft is rotatably inserted thereinto; and first and second dynamic pressure generation grooves formed in upper and lower portions of at least one of an outer diameter of the shaft and an inner diameter of the sleeve in an axial direction thereof so as to generate dynamic pressure in a lubricating fluid filling a bearing clearance formed between the shaft and the sleeve at the time of rotation of the shaft, wherein the bearing clearance between the shaft and the sleeve is narrowed downwardly in the axial direction.

Abstract: An address assignment method of a mobile node, for hierarchical routing in a low-power wireless personal area network (LoWPAN), includes (a) classifying a plurality of fixed nodes in a hierarchical way, (b) designating a management node and a head node of a lower level than the level of the management node in the fixed nodes, (c) determining if the mobile node can communicate with the head node, and (d) assigning an address to the mobile node through a neighboring head node, which can communicate with the mobile node when the mobile node cannot communicate with the head node. Therefore, addresses may be assigned without limitation until the addresses for the mobile nodes are exhausted. Furthermore, even when the mobile node having an assigned address from a first region moves from the first region to a second region, the packet may be sent or received through the hierarchical routing.

Abstract: A router connects an Internet protocol (IP)-ubiquitous sensor network (USN) with an external network. The IP-USN is disclosed when the IP-USN includes one or more routers. An IP-USN with multiple routers includes one or more routers, and sensor nodes in the IP-USN may reliably communicate with the external network. The sensor nodes in the IP-USN may communicate with one another using the router if necessary. When one router does not operate, communication with the external network is performed by using other routers.

Abstract: An Internet protocol (IP)-based ubiquitous sensor network (USN) system is disclosed. The IP-based USN includes a plurality of sensor nodes having unique IP addresses and an IP-USN router. The IP-USN router has a table that stores each location address of the sensor nodes and periodically broadcasts its own presence information for updating the location addresses stored in the table. The sensor nodes in the IP-based USN system have unique IP addresses. Therefore, desired information and services from any external network may be obtained.

Abstract: A LoWMob (LoWPAN Mobility: Low power Wireless Personal Area Network) system comprises a mobile node, at least one sensor node, a border node and a gateway. The mobile node configured transmits at least one data packet within an MST (Maximum Sleep Time). The mobile node corresponds to an FFD (Full Function Device) or an RFD (Reduced Function Device). The at least one sensor node is configured to be densely to a degree that a transmission range overlaps and configured to be able to measure a moving direction of the mobile node. The boarder node is configured to be arranged at a periphery of the PAN and configured to turn off a transceiver in a quasi-sleep state. The gateway is directly connected with a first least part of the at least one sensor node.

Abstract: A method of operating a directory proxy agent (DPA) in a low-power wireless personal area network (LoWPAN) includes advertising a service registration request message to neighboring nodes including at least one service agent and at least one user agent to receive a service registration message from the at least one service agent, storing information for the at least one service agent to a memory to refresh a service information list when the at least one service is not stored in the memory, and transmitting the service information list to at least one directory agent or another DPA to cause the at least one directory agent or the other DPA to be consistent with information for the at least one service agent. Thus, the method may use a DPA to effectively search for information for a service desired by a user agent.

Abstract: A router connects an Internet protocol (IP)-ubiquitous sensor network (USN) with an external network. The IP-USN is disclosed when the IP-USN includes one or more routers. An IP-USN with multiple routers includes one or more routers, and sensor nodes in the IP-USN may reliably communicate with the external network. The sensor nodes in the IP-USN may communicate with one another using the router if necessary. When one router does not operate, communication with the external network is performed by using other routers.

Abstract: In a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) system having a router and a sensor node connectable to a detachable memory device, a sensor network configuration information including a sensor network identification is received from the detachable memory device under control of the router. The sensor network configuration information including the sensor network identification is received from the detachable memory device under control of the sensor node. A sensor network is configured based on the sensor network identification under control of at least one of the router and the sensor node. Accordingly, the USN system may be automatically configured by using the detachable memory devices including the sensor network configuration information.