Abstract: A motor driving apparatus includes an inverter that includes a switching element connected between either terminal of a battery and a thermistor insulated from the switching element and that drives a motor through the switching element, a resistor connected between a sensing node to which one end of the thermistor is connected and a terminal of a low source voltage, and a motor controller configured for controlling a relay connected between the battery and the switching element based on a voltage of the sensing node.

Abstract: The bio-degradable foam prepared from a composition comprising a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) resin of which crystallinity is controlled can be biodegraded even in the ocean while having excellent physical properties, thermal property and processability, and can be effectively prepared by means of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and the like.

Abstract: An automatic transmission may include a rotating shaft; a slider portion provided on the rotating shaft; a first connecting member having one end hinged to the rotating shaft and the other end rising or falling by a centrifugal force as the rotating shaft rotates; a second connecting member having one end hinged to the first connecting member and the other end connected to a slider portion to vertically slide the slider as the first connecting member rises or falls; a diaphragm spring coupled to the slider portion and deformed in an axial direction of the rotating shaft depending on position of the slider portion; a shift fork connected to the slider portion or the diaphragm spring and engaging a synchronizer with a shift stage gear depending on position of the slider portion; an elastic regulator controlling an elastic force of the diaphragm spring; and a controller controlling the elastic regulator.

Abstract: An automatic transmission may include a rotating shaft; a slider portion provided on the rotating shaft; a first connecting member having one end hinged to the rotating shaft and the other end rising or falling by a centrifugal force as the rotating shaft rotates; a second connecting member having one end hinged to the first connecting member and the other end connected to a slider portion to vertically slide the slider as the first connecting member rises or falls; a diaphragm spring coupled to the slider portion and deformed in an axial direction of the rotating shaft depending on position of the slider portion; a shift fork connected to the slider portion or the diaphragm spring and engaging a synchronizer with a shift stage gear depending on position of the slider portion; an elastic regulator controlling an elastic force of the diaphragm spring; and a controller controlling the elastic regulator.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing machine includes a polishing head assembly including a polishing head body and a membrane disposed at a bottom of the polishing head body. The bottom surface of the membrane includes a hydrophobic area and a hydrophilic area.

Abstract: A transmission for vehicles may include first and second input shafts to selectively receive power of a drive source via first and second clutches, first and second output shafts parallel to the first and second input shafts, a shift device including gear pairs tooth-engaged with the first and second input shafts and the first and second output shafts and having different gear ratios, one gear pair conforming to a running speed being selected by a synchronizer to shift and output power of the drive source, and a reverse idler gear provided at a reverse idler shaft to be tooth-engaged with an input gear of the first or second input shaft and tooth-engaged with an output gear of the first or second output shaft, the reverse idler gear being selected by a reverse synchronizer to transmit power from the input gear to the output gear.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle includes: a first input shaft IS1 disposed to be selectively supplied with power from an engine E; a second input shaft IS2 disposed to be selectively supplied with power from the engine E; a motor M disposed to be always connected to either the first input shaft IS1 or the second input shaft IS2 through a transmission gear unit to transmit power; a first output shaft OS1 and a second output shaft OS2 disposed in parallel with the first input shaft IS1 and the second input shaft IS2; a first driven gear unit U1P including a plurality of driven gears; a second driven gear unit U2P including a plurality of driven gears; a plurality of synchronizer devices provided on the first output shaft OS1 and the second output shaft OS2; and a connecting device SL selectively connecting two driven gears to each other.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle may include a first input shaft continuously receiving power from an engine, a second input shaft selectively receiving power from the engine, a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, an initial shift device including a plurality of driving gears on the second input shaft, a plurality of driven gears on the first output shaft and the second output shaft for making a series of gear shift ranges, and a plurality of synchronizers selectively making a predetermined gear shift range of the gear shift ranges made by the driving gears and the driven gears, a duplicate shift device configured to make duplicate gear shift ranges, a first output gear disposed on the first output shaft to draw power from the first output shaft, and a one-way clutch.

Abstract: A transmission may include a first input shaft continuously receiving torque from a power source; a second input shaft selectively receiving torque from the power source through a clutch; a first countershaft and a second countershaft connected with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, respectively, by a transfer gear pair; coupling devices transmitting torque to the first countershaft and the second countershaft from the first input shaft and the second input shaft by selecting the transfer gear pairs; a one-way clutch disposed on the first countershaft to allow torque provided to the first input shaft to be transmitted only to the first countershaft from the first input shaft; and a shifting mechanism including a plurality of shift gear pairs having different gear ratios on the first countershaft, the second countershaft, and the output shaft.

Abstract: A double clutch transmission for a vehicle may include a first input shaft receiving power through a first clutch, a second input shaft disposed coaxially with the first input shaft and receiving power through a second clutch, a plurality of odd driving gears disposed on the first input shaft to implement odd ranges of a 3-range or more, a plurality of even driving gears disposed on the second input shaft to implement even ranges of a 2-range to an 8-range, a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, a plurality of odd driven gears to implement odd ranges by engaging with the odd driving gears, a plurality of even driven gears to implement even ranges by engaging with the even driving gears, and a joint synchro.

Abstract: A 10-stage dual clutch transmission (DCT) for a vehicle includes: a first input shaft receiving power through a first clutch; a second input shaft disposed coaxially with the first input shaft and receiving power through a second clutch; a plurality of odd driving gears disposed on the first input shaft; a plurality of even driving gears disposed on the second input shaft; a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft; a plurality of odd driven gears each disposed on the first output shaft or the second output shaft; a plurality of even driven gears disposed each on the first output shaft or the second output shaft; and a joint synchro disposed on the first output shaft or the second output shaft.

Abstract: A clutch for a vehicle may include a pressing member configured to interwork with a clutch pedal and move in one direction when the clutch pedal is stepped on; and an elastic member having an end portion in contact with the pressing member, and configured to apply elastic force to the pressing member in the other direction when the pressing member moves in one direction, and exert elastic force in one direction when the pressing member passes through a preset point to restrain the pressing member from being restored to its original condition.

Abstract: A transmission for vehicles may include first and second input shafts to selectively receive power of a drive source via first and second clutches, first and second output shafts parallel to the first and second input shafts, a shift device including gear pairs tooth-engaged with the first and second input shafts and the first and second output shafts and having different gear ratios, one gear pair conforming to a running speed being selected by a synchronizer to shift and output power of the drive source, and a reverse idler gear provided at a reverse idler shaft to be tooth-engaged with an input gear of the first or second input shaft and tooth-engaged with an output gear of the first or second output shaft, the reverse idler gear being selected by a reverse synchronizer to transmit power from the input gear to the output gear.

Abstract: A transmission may include a first input shaft continuously receiving torque from a power source; a second input shaft selectively receiving torque from the power source through a clutch; a first countershaft and a second countershaft connected with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, respectively, by a transfer gear pair; coupling devices transmitting torque to the first countershaft and the second countershaft from the first input shaft and the second input shaft by selecting the transfer gear pairs; a one-way clutch disposed on the first countershaft to allow torque provided to the first input shaft to be transmitted only to the first countershaft from the first input shaft; and a shifting mechanism including a plurality of shift gear pairs having different gear ratios on the first countershaft, the second countershaft, and the output shaft.

Abstract: A 10-stage dual clutch transmission (DCT) for a vehicle includes: a first input shaft receiving power through a first clutch; a second input shaft disposed coaxially with the first input shaft and receiving power through a second clutch; a plurality of odd driving gears disposed on the first input shaft; a plurality of even driving gears disposed on the second input shaft; a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft; a plurality of odd driven gears each disposed on the first output shaft or the second output shaft; a plurality of even driven gears disposed each on the first output shaft or the second output shaft; and a joint synchro disposed on the first output shaft or the second output shaft.

Abstract: A double clutch transmission for a vehicle may include a first input shaft receiving power through a first clutch, a second input shaft disposed coaxially with the first input shaft and receiving power through a second clutch, a plurality of odd driving gears disposed on the first input shaft to implement odd ranges of a 3-range or more, a plurality of even driving gears disposed on the second input shaft to implement even ranges of a 2-range to an 8-range, a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, a plurality of odd driven gears to implement odd ranges by engaging with the odd driving gears, a plurality of even driven gears to implement even ranges by engaging with the even driving gears, and a joint synchro.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle may include a first input shaft continuously receiving power from an engine, a second input shaft selectively receiving power from the engine, a first output shaft and a second output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft and the second input shaft, an initial shift device including a plurality of driving gears on the second input shaft, a plurality of driven gears on the first output shaft and the second output shaft for making a series of gear shift ranges, and a plurality of synchronizers selectively making a predetermined gear shift range of the gear shift ranges made by the driving gears and the driven gears, a duplicate shift device configured to make duplicate gear shift ranges, a first output gear disposed on the first output shaft to draw power from the first output shaft, and a one-way clutch.

Abstract: A clutch for a vehicle may include a pressing member configured to interwork with a clutch pedal and move in one direction when the clutch pedal is stepped on; and an elastic member having an end portion in contact with the pressing member, and configured to apply elastic force to the pressing member in the other direction when the pressing member moves in one direction, and exert elastic force in one direction when the pressing member passes through a preset point to restrain the pressing member from being restored to its original condition.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing machine includes a polishing head assembly including a polishing head body and a membrane disposed at a bottom of the polishing head body. The bottom surface of the membrane includes a hydrophobic area and a hydrophilic area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for evaluating the safety of a building. The apparatus includes first and second measurement instruments which measure earthquake accelerations of the top and bottom stories, a fast Fourier transform unit which performs fast Fourier transform on the earthquake accelerations, an integration unit which double-integrates the measured earthquake accelerations and creates drift data of the top story and the bottom story, a maximum inter-story drift ratio calculation unit which calculates a maximum inter-story drift ratio, a natural frequency change rate calculation unit which determines a natural frequency of the building, and compares the natural frequency with an ambient natural frequency of the building so as to calculate a natural frequency change rate, and a building safety evaluation unit which compares the maximum inter-story drift ratio and the frequency change rate with preset evaluation criteria and outputs a result of evaluation in the safety of the building.