Abstract: According to an embodiment, a circuit in a semiconductor memory device sets threshold voltages of a plurality of memory cells such that two first distributions are formed in a first section on a lowest voltage side in 2N sections. After that, the circuit sets threshold voltages of the plurality of memory cells such that 2(1+M) second distributions are separately formed two by two. The circuit then sets 2N third distributions for the 2N sections.

Abstract: A PoC communication system (100) includes (i) a plurality of terminal devices (40) that are able to communicate with one another, and a PoC server (10) for giving a speaking right to a terminal device (40). The PoC server (10) includes a speaking right status presentation control section (12) for transmitting to the terminal devices (40), under a condition that the speaking right is not give to any of the terminal devices (40), a reproduction command of instructing reproduction of speaking right acquisition status presentation sound data indicating the condition. This makes it possible for the terminal devices of the multi-location electronic conference system to output a sound according to the holder of the speaking right.

Abstract: A visual telephone terminal that allows the user to easily designate any desired area to be extracted from an image being shown on a display portion by an area-extracting frame or form prepared by using numeral keys and stored in storing means, requiring no additional cost. On the numeral keys on the visual telephone terminal, the user selects a numeral key corresponding to a start point of area-extracting frame or form, moves the start point to a desired position and fixes it at the position by pressing the start point key, then performs similar operations for selecting and deciding the second point, thus forming the area-extracting form on the image.