Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for analyzing the presence of a target analyte. The apparatuses and methods of the present disclosure can be operated in a multiplexed format to perform various assays of clinical significance.

Abstract: Provided are functionalized nanoparticles for penetrating through a mammalian cell membrane and delivering intracellularly one or more biologically active molecules comprising a nanoparticle core, one or more cell membrane-penetrating molecule(s), and one or more biologically active molecule(s) for introducing or affecting one or more cellular function(s). functionalized nanoparticles. Also provided are methods for making functionalized nanoparticles and methods for using functionalized nanoparticles, including methods for treating diseases and disorders, inducing the reprograming of cells, and for gene editing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process and an array for assaying for binding of target molecules to capture molecules on microarray devices, wherein the mircoarray devices contain electrodes. Specifically, there is disclosed a binding (including nucleotide hybridization) process to detect binding on a microarray wherein the microarray contains electronically addressable electrode devices. There is further disclosed an enzymatically catalyzed oxidation/reduction reaction to take place within a “virtual flask” region of a microarray wherein the reaction is detected by current changes detected on the addressable electrode.