Abstract: An electrical device includes a magnetic sensor circuitry (101) for detecting magnetic field and for generating a detection signal in response to the detected magnetic field, and a control circuitry (102) for controlling operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detection signal. The magnetic sensor circuitry is configured to detect a direction related to a deviation of the magnetic field from the magnetic field of the earth, and the control circuitry is configured to control the operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detected direction. The electrical device can be controlled by using e.g. a permanent magnet (105) for directing, to the magnetic sensor circuitry, magnetic field deviating from the magnetic field of the earth and having a desired orientation. Thus, the electrical device can be controlled without an electrical connector or a radio interface.

Abstract: A switch device for a network element includes a transfer system (110) for transferring data from ingress line interfaces of the network element to egress line interfaces of the network element in accordance with control information associated with the data. The transfer system includes a control section (111) configured to compare data traffic load to capacity available to the data traffic load at one of the egress line interfaces so as to generate a congestion indicator expressing whether a data flow (113) representing the data traffic load is a potential cause of congestion at the one of the egress line interfaces. The control section is further configured to direct a congestion control action to the data flow if the data flow is a potential cause of congestion. Thus, the congestion management related to the ingress and egress line interfaces can be carried out by the switch device.

Abstract: A switch device for a network element includes a transfer system (110) for transferring data from ingress line interfaces of the network element to egress line interfaces of the network element in accordance with control information associated with the data. The transfer system includes a control section (111) configured to compare data traffic load to capacity available to the data traffic load at one of the egress line interfaces so as to generate a congestion indicator expressing whether a data flow (113) representing the data traffic load is a potential cause of congestion at the one of the egress line interfaces. The control section is further configured to direct a congestion control action to the data flow if the data flow is a potential cause of congestion. Thus, the congestion management related to the ingress and egress line interfaces can be carried out by the switch device.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a magnetic sensor circuitry (101) for detecting magnetic field and for generating a detection signal in response to the detected magnetic field, and a control circuitry (102) for controlling operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detection signal. The magnetic sensor circuitry is configured to detect a direction related to a deviation of the magnetic field from the magnetic field of the earth, and the control circuitry is configured to control the operation of the electrical device in accordance with the detected direction. The electrical device can be controlled by using e.g. a permanent magnet (105) for directing, to the magnetic sensor circuitry, magnetic field deviating from the magnetic field of the earth and having a desired orientation. Thus, the electrical device can be controlled without an electrical connector or a radio interface.