Abstract: A two copy versioning scheme is proposed. The scheme provides efficient implementation for a high read load database and eliminates read dependencies. The versioning scheme provides efficient implementation for transactions executing under ANSI READ COMMITTED isolation, and is extensible to serializable isolation. The two-copy versioning scheme is garbage free meaning that all versions of data records are used during execution and is adapted to index scanning operations. A “deferred delete” scheme allows read transactions to complete data deallocation operations. Statements that require “snapshots” are efficiently supported.

Abstract: New lock modes are based on the concept of neighborhoods and are applied to spaces in indexes. The new lock modes include a Read, or shared, neighborhood (Snei) lock mode and a Write neighborhood (Xnei) that enhance concurrency among non-serializable transactions.

Abstract: New lock modes are based on the concept of neighborhoods and are applied to spaces in indexes. The new lock modes include a Read, or shared, neighborhood (Snei) lock mode and a Write neighborhood (Xnei) that enhance concurrency among non-serializable transactions.

Abstract: A two copy versioning scheme is proposed. The scheme provides efficient implementation for a high read load database and eliminates read dependencies. The versioning scheme provides efficient implementation for transactions executing under ANSI READ COMMITTED isolation, and is extensible to serializable isolation. The two-copy versioning scheme is garbage free meaning that all versions of data records are used during execution and is adapted to index scanning operations. A “deferred delete” scheme allows read transactions to complete data deallocation operations. Statements that require “snapshots” are efficiently supported.

Abstract: Clients are permitted to directly attach to a client server system. A oplog management system tracks changes as clients make the changes to control structures of the direct connection client server system. The Oplogging system stores changes in oplogs. Then, if a client fails, the Oplogging system can repair the control structures, either by undoing the changes made by the client, or else completing the changes in place of the client; depending on principles defined.

Abstract: A two copy versioning scheme is proposed. The scheme provides efficient implementation for a high read load database and eliminates read dependencies. The versioning scheme provides efficient implementation for transactions executing under ANSI READ COMMITTED isolation, and is extensible to serializable isolation. The two-copy versioning scheme is garbage free meaning that all versions of data records are used during execution and is adapted to index scanning operations. A “deferred delete” scheme allows read transactions to complete data deallocation operations. Statements that require “snapshots” are efficiently supported.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a database in a computerized database management system is optimized through the use of a plurality of join indexed. The join indexes are defined for a table stored in the database. The join indexes are updated to reflect any updated records stored in the table, wherein one or more common joins are identified among the join indexes, each of the common joins are materialized only once in a common spool file, and the common spool file is used to materialize one or more rows for updating the join indexes.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a database in a computerized database management system is optimized through the use of an aggregate join index. The aggregate join index combines one or more commonly-used columns of the base tables with the results from one or more aggregation expressions pre-computed from one or more columns of the tables.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a database in a computerized database management system is optimized through the use of a virtual join index and associated covering non-unique secondary indexes. The virtual join index is created by combining one or more commonly-used columns of one or more tables. The covering non-unique secondary indexes are generating by combining one or more commonly-used columns of the virtual join index. Data is not stored in the virtual join index after the covering non-unique secondary indexes are generated. Thereafter, some queries or portions thereof may be resolved solely by accessing one or more of the covering non-unique secondary indexes.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for accessing a subject table in a computer system. The subject table is partitioned across a plurality of processing units of the computer system. A user query or other request to access the subject table is split into a plurality of step messages, wherein each of the step messages is assigned to one of the processing units managing one or more of the partitions of the subject table. A plurality of actions are identified for each of the step messages, and one or more necessary records for these actions are retrieved from the partition of the subject table and stored into a corresponding partition of a spool table. The necessary records are selected in such a manner that none of the actions involved in the request need to access the partition of the subject table. The actions from the step message are then performed against the partitions of the spool table rather than the partitions of the subject table.

Abstract: An attachment extends between an outer sleeve and an inner riser pipe where the pipe penetrates the keel of a platform. In one version, the attachment is a conically-shaped with a small diameter ring that engages the riser pipe and a large diameter ring that engages the outer sleeve. This attachment has elements that are very flexible in bending but relatively stiff and strong in axial load. Other versions include flat rings where lateral load is taken directly into tension and compression in the beams, allowing for relatively high lateral load transfer. Both the conically-shaped attachment and the flat ring have a number of variations that provide low bending stiffness but high axial stiffness of the elements. Depending on whether resistance to axial loads, lateral loads, or resistance to combination of both loads is desired, the attachment and the flat ring may be used alone or in combination.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for accessing a subject table in a computer system. The subject table is partitioned across a plurality of processing units of the computer system. A trigger is defined for the subject table, such that when a triggering event occurs on the subject table, a triggered action is performed. Both the triggering event and triggered action can be performed in parallel by the computer system. A spool table is generated for each partition of the subject table, wherein the spool table stores one or more necessary records accessed from the subject table by the triggering event. In this manner, triggered actions that refer to these necessary rows need not access the subject table again.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a computerized database is optimized through the use of a join index. A denormalized base table is converted into a plurality of normalized tables and the join index for the normalized tables is created by combining one or more commonly-used columns of the normalized tables. Outer joins are used to generate the join index, instead of inner joins, so that the join index satisfies queries with fewer join conditions than the ones used to generate the join index. Each row of the join index comprises a fixed part and a repeated part. The fixed part is stored only once in each row, but the repeated part is comprised of recursive levels within each row, so that each row may contain as many repeated parts as needed. In addition, each of the repeated parts comprises a fixed part and a repeated part.

Abstract: A method of optimizing a query and its subqueries together in a global manner regardless of the nesting levels. All joins in different nesting levels are effectively converted into joins in the same level by assigning a nesting level attribute to relations, assigning properties to the predicate, and assigning nesting level attributes and minimum relation set attributes to join predicate operands. The joins and their predicates are then considered as if they were contained in only the main query according to a set of rules based on the attributes of the relations and the join predicates.