Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polymer film. The polymer film comprises a polymer resin selected from the group consisting of a polyamide-based resin and a polyimide-based resin and has a haze (HZ0) before autoclave treatment of 3% or less and a ?HZ24 represented by Equation 1a of 500% or less.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming a fine metal pattern and a method of forming a metal line using the same. In the method of forming a fine metal pattern, a substrate is prepared where a first interlayer insulating layer is formed. A via plug is formed on the first interlayer insulating layer. A plurality of sidewall buffer patterns are formed on the first interlayer insulating layer having the via plug, wherein the plurality of the sidewall buffer patterns are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. The sidewall layer is deposited on the first interlayer insulating layer and the sidewall buffer patterns. The sidewall layer is etched such that sidewall patterns remains on sidewalls of the sidewall buffer patterns.

Abstract: A collapsible tentpole includes a series of hollow shafts, connected by insertion into each other, and an elastic cord arranged in the shafts with both ends secured to the two endmost shafts, wherein at least one groove is arranged on at least one end of the shaft.

Abstract: A power on/off system of a thin projector including an optical system arranged in a housing with a panel shape having lateral sides and a front side having an area larger than an area of each lateral side is disclosed. The power on/off system includes a door, fans which cool a lamp, a shutter which opens/closes a projection lens, a first sensing unit which senses malfunctions of the lamp, the fans, the door, and the shutter, a second sensing unit which senses an internal temperature of the housing, and a controller which sequentially controls, in response to power-on of the thin projector, operations of opening the door and the shutter, driving the fans, driving the lamp, and sequentially controls, in response to power-off of the thin projector, operations of turning off the lamp, driving the fans, turning off the fans, and closing the door and shutter.

Abstract: A polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula I and a chemical amplification positive photoresist composition comprising the copolymer and a photoacid generator. The hydroxy group introduced into the polymer gives a great contribution to the adhesiveness of the composition to substrate and allows the composition to be applied to any substrate. In addition, the photoresist composition is superior in resolution, thermal resistance, etch resistance, and post-exposure storage stability and can be developed without changing the concentration of developing solution.

Abstract: A pedal arrangement for accelerating and braking an automobile comprises a brake pedal having a brake arm, an acceleration pedal having one end which is pivotally fixed to a lower side of the brake arm of the brake pedal and another end which extends upwardly beyond the brake pedal, error operation preventing and returning means provided for the brake pedal, and error operation preventing means provided for the acceleration pedal.

Abstract: A device enabling liquid-phase thin film epitaxial growth is disclosed wherein yield and quality of semiconductors in the fabrication sequences are improved. The device comprises an electric furnace which is disposed outside a quartz tube, a plurality of boats which are disposed within the quartz tube in accordance with a sort of melting liquids and a plurality of auxiliary heating devices are disposed around the boats with a power source independent from the electric furnace.