Abstract: An object of the invention is to efficiently and stably manage machines provided in a store. A sensor 1 measures environmental information. A management server 11 stores the environmental information in a storage unit not shown. The management server 11 predicts environmental information after a predetermined time from the present time on the environmental information stored in the storage unit, and determines advance control operations for the machines on the basis of the predicted environmental information. The management server 11 generates announce information and machine control information for directly controlling the machine 23 on the basis of the control information for machine as the determination result and transmits them to the store 2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming an object image on an imaging surface using a lens such as a condenser lens, projection lens unit, or the like as an optical element. The object image is formed on the imaging surface while rotating a section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the lens in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis to have the center of that section as the center.

Abstract: Projections are formed on front and back surfaces, respectively, of a thin-plate-like protective film at its widthwise opposite ends. Each of the projections is generally trapezoidal as viewed from an end surface side of the thin-plate-like protective film. Even if the projections are misaligned with respect to the projections when the thin-plate-like protective film is wound around a reel, part of a crown portion of each of the inner projections on an exteriorly located part of the thin-plate-like protective film abuts, via the widthwise opposite ends of base film of the tape-like structure, against part of a crown portion of the corresponding outer projection on an interiorly located part of the thin-plate-like protective film. This hinders the widthwise opposite ends of base film of the tape-like structure from being wavily deformed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt comprising reacting an alkyl halide with 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole at 120° C. to 350° C., and a method for the continuous production of a quatemary ammonium salt comprises introducing continuously an alkyl halide and 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole into a pipe reactor from the one end thereof under heating at 120 to 350° C. to pass through the pipe reactor wherein a reaction is allowed to take place, and taking out continuously the resulting quaternary ammonium salt from the other end of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt comprising reacting an alkyl halide with 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole at 120° C. to 350°C., and a method for the continuous production of a quatemary ammonium salt comprises introducing continuously an alkyl halide and 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole into a pipe reactor from the one end thereof under heating at 120 to 350° C. to pass through the pipe reactor wherein a reaction is allowed to take place, and taking out continuously the resulting quaternary ammonium salt from the other end of the reactor.