Abstract: A driving circuit has a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor. A power switching element is set at an on state each time the p-channel transistor sets a charging line at a conductive state in response to a leading edge of an output pulse to supply a positive charge to a gate of the element through the charging line. The element is set at an off state each time the n-channel transistor sets a discharging line at a conductive state in response to a trailing edge of the output pulse to discharge the supplied charge through the discharging line. A through current occasionally flows through the transistors set at the on state together. The driving circuit has resistors between the transistors to suppress the through current.

Abstract: A driving circuit has a p-channel transistor and an n-channel transistor. A power switching element is set at an on state each time the p-channel transistor sets a charging line at a conductive state in response to a leading edge of an output pulse to supply a positive charge to a gate of the element through the charging line. The element is set at an off state each time the n-channel transistor sets a discharging line at a conductive state in response to a trailing edge of the output pulse to discharge the supplied charge through the discharging line. A through current occasionally flows through the transistors set at the on state together. The driving circuit has resistors between the transistors to suppress the through current.

Abstract: The control apparatus for controlling a voltage transforming apparatus having a transformer, power switching elements disposed in a primary side, and synchronous-rectifying switching elements disposed in a secondary side includes a judging circuit making a judgment as to whether or not an output current of the voltage transforming apparatus is smaller than a specified current on the basis of a primary-side current of the transformer and an inhibition circuit inhibiting the synchronous-rectifying switching elements from performing their synchronous-rectifying control operation when the judging circuit judges that the output current is smaller than the specified current. The judging circuit makes the judgment on the basis of the primary-side current flowing through the primary coil of the transformer immediately before the power switching elements are turned off.

Abstract: The control apparatus for controlling a voltage transforming apparatus having a transformer, power switching elements disposed in a primary side, and synchronous-rectifying switching elements disposed in a secondary side includes a judging circuit making a judgment as to whether or not an output current of the voltage transforming apparatus is smaller than a specified current on the basis of a primary-side current of the transformer and an inhibition circuit inhibiting the synchronous-rectifying switching elements from performing their synchronous-rectifying control operation when the judging circuit judges that the output current is smaller than the specified current. The judging circuit makes the judgment with compensating for a variation of a relationship between the primary side-current and the output current due to variation of duty ratio of the power switching elements, and variation of at least one of the DC output voltage and the DC input voltage of the voltage transforming apparatus.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay is provided which features an arc-extinguishing structure. This electromagnetic relay includes a pair of permanent magnets which are so arranged as to have their magnetic poles oriented diametrically opposite each other across a pair of movable contacts and a pair of stationary contacts for biasing electric arcs produced between the movable and stationary contacts into given spaces defined in a relay housing.

Abstract: An impact resistant styrene resin is prepared by the continuous bulk polymerization of a styrene monomer in the presence of a second component having a 5 wt % styrene solution viscosity which may be polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene copolymerization rubber, or mixtures thereof. Preliminary polymerization is carried out in a reactor having a dynamic mixing structure and which is integrated between and connected to the material feed line and the initial-stage polymerization line.

Abstract: A controller for controlling an image scanner which is used for reading an original document to generate video signals according to the content of the document. The image scanner controller comprises a plurality of image sensors for segmenting and reading lines on the document in a main scanning direction, at least two groups of line buffer memories for storing and subsequently reading the signals read by the image sensors, and a control circuit for writing segment data for one line into one line buffer memory while segment data of a previously read line is read out of another of the line buffer memories at a rate higher than the reading rate of the image sensors.

Abstract: A method for constructing a blast furnace, in which the blast furnace is designed to be divided into a plurality of blocks with a deck frame and other parts, and these blocks are individually assembled on the ground in a sequential order from the furnace top to the furnace bottom. The individual blocks are conveyed one after another onto a foundation, and the furnace top block is initially lifted up. In this manner, the successive blocks are lifted up in the described order and joined together at their ends to complete the blast furnace.