Abstract: A brake device provided with a hydraulic type brake mechanism in which a piston operated by hydraulic pressure can press a friction member to a rotatable member and an electric type brake mechanism capable of pressing the friction member to the rotatable member by operation of the piston by an electric motor. Further, the brake device includes a force converting mechanism provided at the inside of the piston for converting rotation of an operating shaft connected to the electric motor into movement of the piston in an axial direction of the rotatable member, and a drive portion of the electric brake mechanism having the electric motor and an elastic member arranged substantially coaxially between a pair of opposed rotating members for transmitting rotational force of the electric motor and the operating shaft is connected attachably to and detachably from one of the rotating members.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell including: a cathode containing a manganese oxide or a lithium-manganese composite oxide; an anode containing a lithium metal, a lithium alloy, or a material capable of doping/dedoping lithium; and an electrolyte containing at least two electrolyte salts, one of which is LiBF4 contained in the range from 0.005 mol/l to 0.3 mol/l. This enables to increase the cycle characteristic, preventing deterioration of the cell characteristic caused by a repeated use.

Abstract: A method for producing a cathode active material which produces a spinel type lithium manganese oxide expressed by a general formula: Li1+xMn2−x−yMeyPO4, as the cathode active material, (here, x is expressed by a relation of 0≦x≦0.15 and y is expressed by a relation of 0<y<0.3, and Me is at least one kind of element selected from between Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mg and Al). The method comprises a mixing step of mixing raw materials of the spinel type lithium manganese oxide to obtain a precursor; and a sintering step of sintering the precursor obtained in the mixing step to obtain the spinel type lithium manganese oxide. The sintering temperature in the sintering step is located within a range of 800° C. or higher and 900° C. or lower. Accordingly. even when manganese which is inexpensive and abundant in resources is employed as a main material, an excellent cathode performance can be maintained under the environment.

Abstract: An LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase to realize superior cell characteristics. To this end, in the preparation of a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound having the formula LixFePO4, where 0<×≦1, are mixed together, milled and sintered. A carbon material is added at one of these steps. As the starting materials for synthesis for LixFePO4, Li3PO4, Fe3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrate Fe3(PO4)2•nH20), where n is the number of hydrates, are used, and the content of Fe3+ in the total iron in Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrate Fe3(PO4)2·nH20) is set to 61 wt% or less.

Abstract: An non-aqueous electrolyte cell having superior electronic conductivity and superior cell characteristics. A cathode active material used for the cell is a composite material of a compound having the formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1.0, and a carbon material, wherein the specific surface area as found by the Bullnauer Emmet Teller formula is not less than 10.3 m2/g.

Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, are mixed, milled and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2·nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting materials for synthesis of LixFePO4. The the temperature of a product from said sintering is set to 305° C. or less when said product from said sintering is exposed to atmosphere. The oxygen concentration in a sintering atmosphere is set to 1012 ppm in volume or less at the time point of sintering.

Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to prevent the deterioration of the performance of the cathode active material from occurring and achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, starting materials for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, are mixed, milled and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2.nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting materials for synthesis of LixFePO4. The temperature of a product from said sintering is set to 305° C. or less when said product from said sintering is exposed to atmosphere.

Abstract: A cathode active material improved in electron conductivity and a non-aqueous electrolyte cell employing this cathode active material and which is improved in cell capacity and cyclic characteristics. The cathode active material is composed of a compound having the general formula LixFePO4 where 0<x≦1.0, and a carbon material, with the carbon content per unit weight being not less than 3 wt % and with the powder density being not lower than 2.2 g/cm3.

Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, a starting material for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, is mixed, milled and sintered and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2.nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting material for synthesis of LixFePO4. The particle size distribution of particles of the starting material for synthesis following the milling with the particle size not less than 3 &mgr;m is set to 2.2% or less in terms of the volumetric integration frequency.

Abstract: A force transmitting and converting mechanism for an electric braking device comprising a gear, a nut, a rotating body, a ramp mechanism, a screw member, and a brake element. The gear is rotated by the electric motor, and the nut disposed being opposed to the gear. The rotating body is disposed between the gear and the nut. The ramp mechanism is operated so that the gear and the nut can be separated from each other by a relative rotation of the gear with the nut. The screw member is screwed to the nut, and the brake element is capable of coming into contact with the screw member.

Abstract: A method of controlling a brake force in a brake system including a front wheel system and a rear wheel system, includes the steps of: operating a brake in the front wheel system by using a hydraulic pressure corresponding to an amount of brake pedal operation; and controlling a wheel speed of the rear wheel system via a feedback mechanism to match a wheel speed of the front wheel system.

Abstract: A control unit, which causes brake units to generate braking force corresponding to a braking operation by controlling the operation of electric actuators, compares the pressure difference detected by first and second pressure sensor with a threshold value. When the pressure difference exceeds the threshold value, the control unit switches a control mode to a sudden braking mode, compares the sudden braking mode with a normal braking mode which the pressure difference does not exceed the threshold value, and controls supply of electric power to the electric actuators causing the braking force generated by the respective brake units to be increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising a cathode made from a cathode compound that comprises a manganese oxide or a lithium-manganese composite oxide, a lithium metal anode or an anode comprising lithium or capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, which is characterized in that the cathode compound contains an alkali metal carbonate of being from 0.5 to 20% by weight of the dry cathode compound. Even when used at high temperatures over room temperature for a long period of time, the cell is deteriorated little.

Abstract: A device for detecting operation of a brake pedal comprises: a first hydraulic chamber 9 in which fluid is pressurized by a first piston 7 connected with a brake pedal 1 when the brake pedal 1 is pushed downward; a second hydraulic chamber 13 communicated with the first hydraulic chamber 9 via an orifice 11 of small diameter; a first hydraulic pressure sensor 19 for detecting hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber; and a second hydraulic pressure sensor 20 for detecting hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber. The control unit 24 controls a motor (braking device) 22 in accordance with a difference .increment.P in pressure obtained by the values of detection conducted by the first hydraulic pressure sensor 19 and the second hydraulic pressure sensor 20.

Abstract: A non-magnetic material for a magnetic head and a magnetic head produced with the use of such material. For improving the head efficiency and resistance against partial abrasion, the guard piece 11 is mainly composed of CaO, TiO.sub.2 and NiO, with the molar mixing ratio CaO/TiO.sub.2 being 30/70 to 50/50 and the NiO content being 5 to 30 mol %. The head efficiency may be improved, while the partial abrasion may be decreased and the service life of magnetic head may be improved sufficiently.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 15-deoxyprostaglandin derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## in which ##STR2## is a 5 membered ring which is selected from a group consisting of ##STR3## R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.2 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkenyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkadienyl;provided that the compound of the following formula is excluded: ##STR4## wherein R' is hydrogen or methyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a 15-deoxyprostaglandin derivative as an active ingredient, which is useful as an intraocular pressure reducing agent.

Abstract: A method for reduction of an allyl alcohol-type compound, specific to its allylic hydroxyl group, being carried out without any side reactions such as reduction of other portions of the compound or allylic rearrangement, which comprises treating the compound with trialkylsilane in the presence of AlX.sub.3, wherein X refers to a halogen atom.

Abstract: In a vehicular automatic brake system, a distance X between a vehicle to be controlled and an obstacle is determined using a distance sensor, a relative velocity Vs with respect to the obstacle is determined from changes of X with time, a judgment is made as to whether the vehicle to be controlled is approaching the obstacle, further, an estimated time Tx which will be taken until contact with the obstacle is determined from Vs and X, and braking is performed in accordance with the value of Tx.

Abstract: A rubbing apparatus for imparting an alignment control power with respect to alignment of liquid crystal molecules to an alignment film on a transparent substrate of a liquid crystal device by rubbing the alignment film with a rubbing roller while the rubbing roller is rotated and kept in contact with the transparent substrate having thereon the alignment film, comprising: measuring means for measuring a three-dimensional stress imposed on the transparent substrate by the rubbing roller when the rubbing roller is brought into contact with the transparent substrate, and control means for controlling the three-dimensional stress so as to provide a prescribed stress to effect a rubbing treatment. The measuring means may perform the measurement by breaking up a stress into two stress components in directions perpendicular and parallel to the rubbing direction, respectively. The measurement of a stress may be performed by measuring a load imposed on the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A brake actuating apparatus which includes a motor disposed at a brake caliper, a driving piston connecting through a converting member which converts a rotary motion of the motor into a linear motion, and a fluid chamber disposed between the driving piston and a pad urging piston for urging the brake pad in the brake caliper, and a diameter of the driving piston is arranged smaller than that of the pad urging piston.