Abstract: By a waterproof bag of the present invention comprising an insulator electrode film or an insulator electrode sheet for low-frequency electric stimulation having an electrostatic capacitance of 0.36 nF/cm2 or greater, a cordless low-frequency electric stimulation device to which an energization permission sensor function and an underwater communication function are added can be used even in water or when bathing. A low-frequency electric stimulation device having a wireless charging function, an energization permission sensor function, an underwater communication function and the like is configured to have a waterproof structure, thereby implementing a waterproof-type low-frequency electric stimulation device. By dispersing fine particles of an inorganic oxide having a large relative permittivity by 10 to 70 vol % in a resin, a flexible insulator electrode film and an insulator electrode for low-frequency electric stimulation are implemented.

Abstract: In a power generation system of this invention, the outputs from power generation layers electrically connected in series are input to corresponding power conversion devices, and boosted outputs are connected in parallel and fed to a load. Alternatively, the output from one of power generation layers electrically connected in series is input to a first power conversion device, and the serial output and the boosted output from the first power conversion device are connected in parallel, input to a second power conversion device, boosted, and fed to the load. Since the two power generation layers can be individually output-controlled, each power generation layer can be optimized basically without considering current balance. Since the optical spectrum utilization efficiency increases, the power generation efficiency increases. In addition, since the power can be fed not to separate loads but to one load, the convenience largely increases.

Abstract: In a power generation system of this invention, the outputs from power generation layers electrically connected in series are input to corresponding power conversion devices, and boosted outputs are connected in parallel and fed to a load. Alternatively, the output from one of power generation layers electrically connected in series is input to a first power conversion device, and the serial output and the boosted output from the first power conversion device are connected in parallel, input to a second power conversion device, boosted, and fed to the load. Since the two power generation layers can be individually output-controlled, each power generation layer can be optimized basically without considering current balance. Since the optical spectrum utilization efficiency increases, the power generation efficiency increases. In addition, since the power can be fed not to separate loads but to one load, the convenience largely increases.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion layer 13, a transparent electrode layer 14, an insulating layer 15, and a back electrode layer 16 are successively formed in this order on a conductive substrate 11 having a through-hole 17 formed therein, and the transparent electrode layer 14 and the back electrode layer 16 are electrically communicated with each other through the through-hole 17 so as to provide a photovoltaic element in which no grid is employed and improve the productivity and the production yield.

Abstract: A solar cell-bearing roof includes a roof base member provided on a partition wall which partitions a building into an indoor portion and an outdoor portion, a solar cell module provided on the roof base member, and electric wiring with one end portion being electrically connected with the solar cell module. The end portion of the electric wiring is drawn to the outside from between the roof base member and the solar cell module and at an outdoor-sided position than an indoor side face of the partition wall.

Abstract: An electric power conversion unit 2 for driving a pump 3 run by electric power generated by a solar panel 1, a storage battery 5 connected to the solar panel 1 via the switch 6, and a controller 7 for controlling the electric power conversion unit 2 and the switch 6 are provided. The controller 7 closes the switch 6 during any period when the amount of insolation is large and performs the maximum power point tracking control of the solar panel 1, and otherwise, controls the electric power conversion unit 2 to drive at one of plural fixed frequencies in dependence upon an output voltage from the solar panel 1 by closing the switch 6. Accordingly, it is possible to utilize output from an unstable electric power supply efficiently, such as a solar cell, thereby providing a reliable electric motor driving apparatus having a simple configuration and a control method therefor.

Abstract: To optimally arrange roofing material integrated solar battery modules having a rectangular form and same size on a roof setting surface, an arrangement range in which the solar battery modules can be arranged on the roof setting surface is determined. An arranging direction of the solar battery modules is determined. The number of solar battery modules which can be arranged almost horizontally in a line in the determined arranging direction and within the arrangement range is calculated. Solar battery modules of a line in a number not more than the calculated number are combined to form a solar battery module group. The solar battery module groups are arranged to set a center of the solar battery module group within the determined arrangement range and near a line almost vertically dividing the surface into two parts.

Abstract: A fixing member for fixing a solar cell module or a roofing member with no solar cell onto an installation face, said fixing member comprising a meshing portion to mesh at least a solar cell module or a part of a roofing member with no solar cell; a fixing portion to fix said fixing member to said installation face; and a raised portion to connect said meshing portion and said fixing portion, wherein said raised portion has a height which is greater than the thickness of a portion of said solar cell module or said roofing member which is engaged in the meshing by said meshing portion.

Abstract: A solar battery module is constructed in such a way that a photovoltaic element is fixed on a reinforcing sheet, a plurality of junction boxes for drawing power out of the photovoltaic element to the outside are provided on an anti-light-receiving-surface side of the reinforcing sheet, first spacer members having a height higher than a height of the junction boxes are placed along two opposite sides of the reinforcing sheet, and a second spacer member is placed between the plurality of junction boxes. When it is applied to a roof, the first spacer members are fixed on a roof substrate material, a space defined between the roofing material and the roof substrate material is open to the outside air, and the space is in communication with the inside of a house at the ridge. The above structure simplifies works for securing combination solar battery and roofing materials with forming a draft layer onto the roof.

Abstract: A terminal lead-out structure of a highly reliable solar cell module having a good operativity comprises a hollow structure for the insulating protection of an electrode lead-out portion of the solar cell module. The hollow structure is provided with an extrusion at least on a part of the surface thereof to face the solar cell module. The hollow structure is bonded to the solar cell module by the application of an adhesive agent.

Abstract: A roof member module is provided which is excellent in foldability and durability. The filler thickness in the downwardly facing parts, engagement parts, and upwardly facing folded parts of the roof member module are made thinner than the filler that is placed at the other non-folded parts.

Abstract: A roof in which an upper-end engaging portion of a downstream roof panel is seam-jointed with a lower-end engaging portion of an upstream roof panel, wherein at least the lower-end engaging portion has flexural rigidity enough to disengage the seam joint.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion layer 13, a transparent electrode layer 14, an insulating layer 15, and a back electrode layer 16 are successively formed in this order on a conductive substrate 11 having a through-hole 17 formed therein, and the transparent electrode layer 14 and the back electrode layer 16 are electrically communicated with each other through the through-hole 17 so as to provide a photovoltaic element in which no grid is employed and improve the productivity and the production yield.

Abstract: A fixing member for fixing a solar cell module or a roofing member with no solar cell onto a installation face, said fixing member comprising a meshing portion to mesh at least a solar cell module or a part of a roofing member with no solar cell; a fixing portion to fix said fixing member to said installation face; and a raised portion to connect said meshing portion and said fixing portion, wherein said raised portion has a height which is greater than the thickness of a portion of said solar cell module or said roofing member which is engaged in the meshing by said meshing portion.

Abstract: A solar cell-bearing roof comprising a roof base member provided on a partition wall which partitions a building into an indoor portion and an outdoor portion, a solar cell module provided on said roof base member, and an electric wiring whose one end portion being electrically connected with said solar cell module, wherein the remaining end portion of said electric wiring is drawn to the outside from between said roof base member and said solar cell module and at an outdoor-sided position than an indoor side face of said partition wall. An execution method for installing said solar cell-bearing roof. A power generation system and a building in which said solar cell-bearing roof is used.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solar cell module comprising a solar cell element, a front surface member provided at the light receiving surface side of the solar cell element, and a back surface member provided at the back surface side of the solar cell element. The front surface member and the back surface member are adjoined in a releasable state. At least the front surface member and the solar cell element are in close contact or the front surface member is in close contact with a solid layer which is in close contact with the solar cell element. The solar cell element, the front surface member and the back surface member can be separated without leaving residue of any of the front surface member, the back surface member or the solid layer on the solar cell element. Thus, there is provided a solar cell module allowing for easy component separation and easy collection and classification, whereby recycling of each component, particularly of the solar cell element, is facilitated.

Abstract: In order to ensure long-term reliability when a photovoltaic element is bent or curved to be deformed: (1) In a method for manufacturing a solar cell module having a photovoltaic element encapsulated with a resin on a support member, the step is adopted which forms a bent portion in the photovoltaic element and in the support member, wherein the formation of the bent portion is performed while reducing a working pressure in the normal direction to a surface of the photovoltaic element; and (2) In a solar cell module comprising a photovoltaic element comprising at least one photoactive semiconductor layer on a flexible substrate, at least a part of the flexible substrate is subjected to tensile deformation in the direction parallel to a surface of the substrate with a strain less than a critical strain to lower the fill factor of the photovoltaic element, whereby the photovoltaic element is deformed.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to accurately detect a defective photoelectric conversion element regardless of the installation place and indicate the corresponding information. The above object can be achieved by a power generating system having a solar cell array constituted by a plurality of parallel-connected solar cell strings each consisting of a plurality of series-connected solar cell modules. The system includes electrical parameter detection units for measuring electrical parameters in solar cell strings, a comparing unit for mutually comparing the detected electrical parameters, and a unit for warning of an abnormality on the basis of the comparison result.

Abstract: Roof members of the present invention are those fixed to the roof, each roof member being a combination solar cell and roof member having a solar cell element and a metal reinforcing member, wherein a metal member is provided below the combination solar cell and roof member or a metal member is provided along an adjacent portion between adjacent combination solar cell and roof members, wherein the metal member is electrically conductive to metal reinforcing members of plural combination solar cell and roof members and wherein the metal member is electrically grounded. Provided based on this structure are the roof members easy to install and excellent in the external view and electric safety.

Abstract: By providing a non-contact means and/or a non-contact space between electric connecting members and an underlaying material and/or a substrate material and/or a rear material, the temporal degradation of a solar cell module can be prevented which is caused by a contact between the electric connecting members for the module and the underlaying material and/or the substrate material and/or the rear material.