Abstract: According to an example embodiment, an edge computing orchestration device is configured to obtain resource data indicating available edge computing resources, wherein the available edge computing resources comprises at least classical edge computing resources and quantum edge computing resources; obtain software to be executed using the edge computing resources, wherein the software comprises at least classical software and quantum software; identify classical tasks and quantum tasks in the software based on the at least classical software and quantum software; and assign the classical tasks and the quantum tasks to be executed on the available edge computing resources. Devices, methods and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.

Abstract: Various example embodiments provide a solution for reducing latency between a sending entity and a receiving entity. This may be enabled by arranging a receiver model at a sending entity, the receiving model being used by the sending entity to predict receiver behavior, and a sender model at the receiving entity, the sender model being used to predict the sending entity behavior. As the receiving model and the sending model are synchronized with each other and the entities are able to predict each other's behavior, latency between the sending entity to the receiving entity and the amount of information transmitted from the sending entity to the receiving entity may be reduced. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for detecting mismatch in digital twin data. One method may include receiving, by a radio network control system, at least one of reliability and latency constraint communication related values from one or more sources with geolocation information. The method may further include comparing the at least one of received reliability and latency constraint communication related values to one or more threshold values of the one or more sources to determine presence of a mismatch. The method may also include sending one or more indications of the comparison of the at least one of reliability and latency constraint communication related values and the one or more threshold values to a system element for determining a need for one or more actions.

Abstract: There is provided a method in a first device of a cellular communication system, the method comprising: acquiring a first value of a performance indicator; causing a transmission of management plane performance data to a second device of the cellular communication system, said performance data comprising said first value; acquiring a second value of the performance indicator; and preventing a transmission of the second value if the second value is substantially equal to the first value.

Abstract: A network apparatus of a communication system classifies traffic flows containing packets based on packet features. The network apparatus provides a copy of a packet contained in a traffic flow to a cluster node, and controls the cluster node to select at least one detector node based on the features of the packet and to forward said copy to the selected detector node to find out based on said copy whether the packet is malicious or not. In response to receiving from the detector node a flow indication on the traffic flow, the network apparatus controls a switch node to perform at least one flow control action on the traffic flow, the action including one or more of flow removal, flow modification and flow installation.

Abstract: There is provided a method in a first device of a cellular communication system, the method comprising: acquiring a first value of a performance indicator; causing a transmission of management plane performance data to a second device of the cellular communication system, said performance data comprising said first value; acquiring a second value of the performance indicator; and preventing a transmission of the second value if the second value is substantially equal to the first value.

Abstract: A network apparatus of a communication system classifies traffic flows containing packets based on packet features. The network apparatus provides a copy of a packet contained in a traffic flow to a cluster node, and controls the cluster node to select at least one detector node based on the features of the packet and to forward said copy to the selected detector node to find out based on said copy whether the packet is malicious or not.