Abstract: Carbon black reactors have dual fluid injectors whereby liquid hydrocarbonaceous feedstock atomized by discharging the feedstock through a dual fluid injector with an atomizing fluid. A method for cleaning coke deposits from such dual fluid injectors comprises interrupting the supply of atomizing fluid thereto a cleaning interval effective to remove the coke deposits.

Abstract: A start-up procedure for a carbon black furnace wherein a low Btu off-gas as can be obtained from the filters in which the carbon black is separated from the carbon black reactor effluent is admixed with a high Btu fuel and passed along with combustion-supporting gas to a combustion zone in a carbon black reactor furnace to create a desired vortex of hot combustion gases therein suitable for production of carbon black and wherein when combustion of part of the feedstock introduced into said vortex the temperature can be maintained phasing out or discontinuing the flow of said high Btu fuel.

Abstract: Carbon black reactors have dual fluid injectors whereby liquid hydrocarbonaceous feedstock atomized by discharging the feedstock through a dual fluid injector with an atomizing fluid. A method for cleaning coke deposits from such dual fluid injectors comprises interrupting the supply of atomizing fluid thereto a cleaning interval effective to remove the coke deposits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing carbon black wherein in a carbon black reactor a first quench of effluent flowing through a quench zone is effected by contact of the effluent with water. The first quench cools the effluent to a temperature sufficiently low to stop pyrolysis. Downstream of the first quench is a secondary quench in which cooled smoke ahead of the filters is contacted with the effluent for secondly cooling the effluent. After the second cooling the effluent flows to an indirect heat exchanger wherein the effluent is again cooled, by indirect contact with a coolant in the heat exchanger, to a temperature sufficiently low to prevent damage to the filter system.

Abstract: Carbon black having a tint residual of less than about -5 is produced by injecting a feedstock axially into a vortex flow, oil furnace carbon black reactor having a cylindrical precombustion zone and a frustoconical converging zone.

Abstract: Pellets comprising graphite and carbon black are made by mixing at least two weight percent carbon black with graphite, subsequently adding liquid pelleting medium, and pelletizing using available pelletizing methodology.

Abstract: Combustion gases containing free oxygen and feed hydrocarbon are introduced into a carbon black reactor, with the combustion gases being at a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon to produce particulate carbon black. The combustion products are cooled by quenching to form a gaseous effluent containing particulate carbon black. The quenched effluent is discharged from the reactor to an indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the effluent. Control means is provided for producing a signal representative of the rate of heat transfer in the indirect heat exchange means. When the heat transfer rate falls below a predetermined level, the control means closes a valve in the feed hydrocarbon input line to terminate flow of the feed hydrocarbon to the reactor. In the absence of feed hydrocarbon, hot combustion gases flowing through the reactor and the indirect heat exchange means contain sufficient free oxygen to burn out carbon black deposits in the indirect heat exchange means.

Abstract: A start-up technique for a carbon black production process, in which carbon black laden effluent smoke from a carbon black furnace is quenched to terminate the reaction and cool said smoke and said smoke is thereafter cooled, at least in part, by indirect heat exchange with water, in which the smoke is initially quenched with a quench fluid to a temperature substantially below a predetermined temperature of introduction into the heat exchange step and the magnitude of the quenching is reduced over an extended period of time until the smoke is being quenched into a temperature substantially equal to the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing non-gaseous pollutants from exhaust and flue gases produced by the burning of a fuel in which the exhaust or flue gases are intervally passed through one of a first filter means and a second filter means, a combustion supporting gas is supplied to the other of the first filter means and the second filter means during at least a part of the interval during which the exhaust or flue gas is passing through the one of the first filter means and the second filter means and non-gaseous pollutants, which have collected on the other of the first filter means and the second filter means are burned from the other filter means in the presence of the combustion supporting gas during the at least part of the interval during which the exhaust or flue gas is passing through the one of the filter means.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing carbon black wherein in a carbon black reactor a first quench of effluent flowing through a quench zone is effected by contact of the effluent with water. The first quench cools the effluent to a temperature sufficiently low to stop pyrolysis. Downstream of the first quench is a secondary quench in which cooled smoke ahead of the filters is contacted with the effluent for secondary cooling the effluent. After the second cooling the effluent flows to an indirect heat exchanger wherein the effluent is again cooled, by indirect contact with a coolant in the heat exchanger, to a temperature sufficiently low to prevent damage to the filter system.

Abstract: Combustion gases containing free oxygen and feed hydrocarbon are introduced into a carbon black reactor, with the combustion gases being at a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon to produce particulate carbon black. The combustion products are cooled by quenching to form a gaseous effluent containing particulate carbon black. The quenched effluent is discharged from the reactor to an indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the effluent. Control means is provided for producing a signal representative of the rate of heat transfer in the indirect heat exchange means. When the heat transfer rate falls below a predetermined level, the control means closes a valve in the feed hydrocarbon input line to terminate flow of the feed hydrocarbon to the reactor. In the absence of feed hydrocarbon, hot combustion gases flowing through the reactor and the indirect heat exchange means contain sufficient free oxygen to burn out carbon black deposits in the indirect heat exchange means.

Abstract: Flocculent furnace carbon black is produced by contacting a feed hydrocarbon with hot combustion gases to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon. The hot combustion products produced by pyrolyzing include flocculent carbon black suspended in gases and are quenched to form a cooled effluent. The effluent is subjected to separation to separate the flocculent carbon black from the gases. The combustion products are cooled by quenching in a manner to maintain a photelometer value of the flocculent carbon black in predetermined range such that when the separated flocculent carbon black is subsequently pelleted a minimum loss of modulus results in the rubber into which the pelleted carbon black is compounded. The flocculent carbon black is pelleted under prescribed pelleting conditions and is dried under prescribed drying conditions to help achieve minimum modulus loss in the end product.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a carbon black with a tint residual below -6. The method entails introducing feedstock axially and generating a hot combustion gas vortex in a cylindrical precombustion section of a tubular carbon black reactor, producing a first mixture of feedstock and combustion gases, passing the mixture through an abruptly restricted passage axially connected to the precombustion section, abruptly expanding the first mixture into a frustoconical venturi converging section of the reactor with mixing of this first mixture with an additional flow of combustion gas at the exit of the converging section with the combustion gas entering the converging section in opposite, radial flow thereby forming a second mixture which is admitted into a reaction section of the carbon black reactor.

Abstract: A solution of an alkali metal inorganic salt in water, oil, and an emulsifier are agitated to form an emulsion. The water is removed from the emulsion which is then filtered. The filtrate is useful as an additive for controlling the structure of carbon black produced in the furnace process.

Abstract: A solution of an alkali metal inorganic salt in water, oil, and an emulsifier are agitated to form an emulsion. The water is removed from the emulsion which is then filtered. The filtrate is useful as an additive for controlling the structure of carbon black produced in the furnace process.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for producing a carbon black with a tint residual below -6. The apparatus entail introducing feedstock axially and generating a hot combustion gas vortex in a cylindrical precombustion section of a tubular carbon black reactor, producing a first mixture of feedstock and combustion gases, passing this mixture through an abruptly restricted passage axially connected to the precombustion section, abruptly expanding the first mixture into a frustoconical venturi converging section of the reactor with mixing of this first mixture with an additional flow of combustion gas at the exit of the converging section with the combustion gas entering the converging section in opposite, radial flow thereby forming a second mixture which is admitted into a reaction section of the carbon black reactor.

Abstract: A non-carcinogenic carbon black is produced by severely aftertreatng a carbon black-containing smoke inside of the carbon black reactor to result in a carbon black with a photelometer of 100% and a pitting degree (nitrogen surface area minus CTAB surface area) of about 7 square meters per gram or more, oxidizing this carbon black and thereafter high temperature drying wet pellets made from this carbon black at a temperature between about 500.degree. and 600.degree. F.

Abstract: Aldehydes in a feed containing sulfur in the range of about 10 ppm to 1 weight percent in the form of thiophene or other heterocyclic ring compounds are hydrogenated in admixture with H.sub.2 to the corresponding alcohols with a catalyst comprising a reduced mixture of the oxides of Zn and Cu, without decomposing the ring sulfur compounds to a form of sulfur which deactivates the catalyst by using critical reaction conditions.