Abstract: An organic material production system includes: a pretreatment device (12) that pulverizes a biomass material (11); a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus (14) that hydrothermally decomposes a pulverized biomass (13) by causing it to countercurrently contact with hot compressed water (15), elutes lignin components and hemicellulose components into the hot compressed water (15), and separates the lignin components and the hemicellulose components from a biomass solid residue; a first enzymatic hydrolysis device (19-1) that treats cellulose in a biomass solid residue (17), discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, with an enzyme (18) to enzymatically hydrolyze it to a sugar solution containing hexose; a fermenter (21) that produces ethanol by fermentation using a sugar solution (20) obtained by the first enzymatic hydrolysis device (19-1); and a refiner 25 that refines an alcohol fermentation liquid (22), so as to separate it into ethanol (23) and a residue (24).

Abstract: A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes, a biomass feeder (31) that feeds biomass material (11) under normal pressure to under increased pressure, a hydrothermal decomposition device (41A) that allows the fed biomass material (11) to be gradually moved inside a gradient device main body (42) from a lower end thereof with a conveyor screw (43), and also allows hot compressed water (15) to be fed from an other end of a feed section (31) for the biomass material into the main body (42), so as to cause the biomass material (11) and the hot compressed water (15) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the biomass material (11); and a biomass discharger (51) that discharges, from the upper end of the device main body (42), a biomass solid residue (17) under increased pressure to an un

Abstract: An organic material production system using biomass material includes: a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus that causes the biomass material and hot compressed water to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from a biomass solid residue; a cellulose enzymatic saccharification device that treats, cellulose in the biomass solid residue, so as to enzymatically saccharify the cellulose to a first sugar solution containing hexose; an alcohol fermenter that produces alcohols by fermentation using the obtained first sugar solution; a sulfuric acid decomposition device that decomposes the hemicellulose component in hot water discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, which contains the eluted lignin component and the eluted hemicellulose component, so as to decompose the hemicellulose component to a second sugar solution containing pentose; and a second alcohol fermenter that produces, usi

Abstract: An organic material production system using biomass material includes: a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus that causes the biomass material and hot compressed water to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from a biomass solid residue; a cellulose enzymatic saccharification device that treats, cellulose in the biomass solid residue, so as to enzymatically saccharify the cellulose to a first sugar solution containing hexose; an alcohol fermenter that produces alcohols by fermentation using the obtained first sugar solution; a sulfuric acid decomposition device that decomposes the hemicellulose component in hot water discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, which contains the eluted lignin component and the eluted hemicellulose component, so as to decompose the hemicellulose component to a second sugar solution containing pentose; and a second alcohol fermenter that produces, usi

Abstract: An organic material production system using biomass material includes: a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus (13) that causes the biomass material (11) and hot compressed water (12) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from a biomass solid residue; a cellulose enzymatic saccharification device (17) that treats, with an enzyme, cellulose in the biomass solid residue, so as to enzymatically saccharify the cellulose to a first sugar solution containing hexose; an alcohol fermenter (18) that produces alcohols by fermentation using the obtained first sugar solution; a sulfuric acid decomposition device (33) that decomposes, with sulfuric acid, the hemicellulose component in hot water (30) discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, which contains the eluted lignin component and the elut

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a technology capable of planting seedlings in soil in planting ground such as dry land and allowing the seedling to root securely and grow without artificially supplying water continuously. Not only is a seedling fixed inside an upper opening portion of a tube having a length to a deep water-containing layer in the planting ground but also a growing medium is put inside the tube at a hardness that allows the root of the seedling to grow long downward, and the root of the seedling is allowed to grow below the tube, thereby obtaining the seedling having a long root. A vertical hole having approximately the same diameter as that of the tube is dug in the ground of the planting ground until reaching a soil layer having water quality and water quantity necessary for growth of plant, the seedling having the long root is buried in the vertical hole together with the tube, thereby planting the seedling in the planting ground.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber composite which allows control of a wide range of air permeability from low air permeability to high air permeability to be achieved with a small mass per unit area of resin, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same. A film material 2 of a thermoplastic resin having a melt flow rate of 100 to 500 (g/10 minutes) is extruded and welded to a surface of nonwoven fabric 1. Part of the film material 2 is caused to be partly impregnated into the nonwoven fabric 1 at a plurality of fine points where constituting fibers 1a of the nonwoven fabric 1 abut the film material 2 to thereby form crosslinking parts 3 for coupling the nonwoven fabric 1 to the film material 2. In addition, fine through-holes 4 for air permeation are formed in the film material around bases of the crosslinking parts 3 by the impregnation of the film material 2.

Abstract: An organic material production system using biomass material includes: a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus (13) that causes the biomass material (11) and hot compressed water (12) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from a biomass solid residue; a cellulose enzymatic saccharification device (17) that treats, with an enzyme, cellulose in the biomass solid residue, so as to enzymatically saccharify the cellulose to a first sugar solution containing hexose; an alcohol fermenter (18) that produces alcohols by fermentation using the obtained first sugar solution; a sulfuric acid decomposition device (33) that decomposes, with sulfuric acid, the hemicellulose component in hot water (30) discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, which contains the eluted lignin component and the elut

Abstract: An organic material production system includes: a pretreatment device (12) that pulverizes a biomass material (11); a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus (14) that hydrothermally decomposes a pulverized biomass (13) by causing it to countercurrently contact with hot compressed water (15), elutes lignin components and hemicellulose components into the hot compressed water (15), and separates the lignin components and the hemicellulose components from a biomass solid residue; a first enzymatic hydrolysis device (19-1) that treats cellulose in a biomass solid residue (17), discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, with an enzyme (18) to enzymatically hydrolyze it to a sugar solution containing hexose; a fermenter (21) that produces ethanol by fermentation using a sugar solution (20) obtained by the first enzymatic hydrolysis device (19-1); and a refiner 25 that refines an alcohol fermentation liquid (22), so as to separate it into ethanol (23) and a residue (24).

Abstract: A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes, a biomass feeder (31) that feeds biomass material (11) under normal pressure to under increased pressure, a hydrothermal decomposition device (41A) that allows the fed biomass material (11) to be gradually moved inside a gradient device main body (42) from a lower end thereof with a conveyor screw (43), and also allows hot compressed water (15) to be fed from an other end of a feed section (31) for the biomass material into the main body (42), so as to cause the biomass material (11) and the hot compressed water (15) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the biomass material (11); and a biomass discharger (51) that discharges, from the upper end of the device main body (42), a biomass solid residue (17) under increased pressure to an un

Abstract: Provided is a petrochemical complex 100 that produces a fuel and a petrochemical, by applying heat generated in heating means to crude oil by use of a heating medium. In the petrochemical complex 100, the heating means is a light-water reactor 110.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a technology capable of planting seedlings smoothly in actual soil in planting ground such as dry land and allowing the seedling to root securely and grow without artificially supplying water continuously. Not only is a seedling fixed inside an upper opening portion of a tube having a length reachable to a deep water-containing layer in the planting ground but also a raising medium is put inside the tube at a hardness that allows the root of the seedling to grow long downward, and the root of the seedling is allowed to grow below the tube, thereby obtaining the seedling having a long root. A vertical hole having approximately the same diameter as that of the tube is dug in the ground of the planting ground until reaching a soil layer having water quality and water quantity necessary for growth of plant, the seedling having the long root is buried in the vertical hole together with the tube, thereby planting the seedling in the planting ground.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arch wire holder, in orthodontic appliances, composed of a bracket which is preferably to the lingual side of a tooth and has a slot for receiving a wire and which supports a rotatable locking member which is rotatably engaged with the bracket to open and close the slot thereby permitting the wire to be secured to or detached from the slot. Using such a wire holder, attachment and detachment of arch wire can easily and positively be effected in a single simple operation so that time required for dental treatment can be reduced, and further medical accidents can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arch wire holder, in orthodontic appliances, composed of a bracket which is fixed to a tooth and has a slot for receiving a wire and which supports a rotatable locking member which is rotatably engaged with the bracket to open and close the slot thereby permitting the wire to be secured to or detached from the slot. Using such a wire holder, attachment and detachment of arch wire can easily and positively be effected in a simple operation so that time required for dental treatment can be reduced, and medical accidents can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthodontic appliance to treat irregularities of teeth by attaching an arch wire holder to a plurality of teeth and then connecting one or more orthodontic wires to the arch wire holders. The bracket constituting an arch wire holder is provided with an arch wire fixing slot formed with a specified radius of curvature approximately conforming to the diameter of the arch wire. The curvature radius of the arch wire fixing slot is determined by the purpose of application, namely, it depends on whether it attaches onto the outside (buccal side) surface or the inside (lingual side) surface of the teeth, and for which teeth it is employed. This arch wire holder is especially effective when the bracket is attached to the inside of the teeth for orthodontic purposes, for it then allows the application of corrective forces on the teeth without being easily visible in the user's mouth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthodontic appliance for the treatment of dental malocclusion. Brackets of the present invention, used for securing the orthodontic wire, are all bonded to the internal sides of the teeth, that is, the lingual or palatal side. The orthodontic appliance comprises a plate bonded to a tooth, which plate is connected to the main body of the bracket. The covering orthodontic cap for fixing the wire is connected to the main body of the bracket. The cap can be removed from the bracket since it is fixed and connected thereto with a connecting part and elastic connecting device. The bracket or the cap is provided with a shearing groove that prevents the caps from sliding off and provides for locking and removal of the cap by simple operations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthodontic appliance for the treatment of dental malocclusion from the internal sides of teeth, that is, the lingual or palatal side. Brackets are used in the present invention for securing the orthodontic wire, and are provided with grooves so that the orthodontic procedure is carried out by means of the elasticity of the wire. A preshaped orthodontic wire is provided which is arch-shaped along the central incisors, side incisors and canines, linear along the molars and premolars, and where the canines and first premolars meet, it is bent in a crank-shape. Introduction of a crank in the orthodontic wire during manufacture simplifies the orthodontic procedure. Individual slight differences in orthodontic procedure that occur in different persons can be accommodated by slight adjustments of the wire of the invention.

Abstract: A sound emitting device and/or a light emitting device actuated by brushing movement are provided in the stem of a tooth brush. These devices sense the reciprocating motion and the rotational motion of the brush, and the pressure applied on brushing.The sound emitting device comprises a hollow cylindrical body connected to the stem of the brush and a ball like or columnar movable piece accomodated in the hollow cylindrical body, wherein the movable piece is moved by the motion of the brush in the direction of the axis of the brush so as to hit the end of the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical body for emitting sound. Alternatively, an electrode is provided on the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical body and an electro-conductive movable piece contacts the electrode to form an electrical circuit for emitting sound. For the rotation of the axis of the tooth brush, the movable piece contacts the electrode and a sound is emitted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the bracket of an orthodontic appliance for the treatment of dental malocclusion. Brackets of the present invention, which are used for securing the orthodontic wire, are all bonded to the internal sides of teeth, that is, the lingual or palatal side. The wire fixing slot of these brackets is formed either approximately parallel to the tooth axis so that the orthodontic wire may be inserted from the direction of the occlusal plane, or formed almost at a right angle to the tooth axis so that the wire may be inserted from the lingual or palatal side. The bracket has another groove for inserting a lock pin which can lock the fixed wire securely, so that the wire may be locked simply. The bracket is also provided with a shearing groove for cutting the lock pin when the wire is to be exchanged or removed, in order to facilitate the shearing operation with nippers, etc.