Abstract: An object, typically photoconductor drum is electrically charged by placing a contact charger member in abutment with the object to be charged and applying voltage between the contact charger member and the object. Charging is effected by properly controlling the capacitance of the contact charger member, the capacitance of the object, and the applied voltage. A sufficient charged potential is achieved through the application of a relatively low voltage, while preventing ozone generation.

Abstract: There is provided a polyaniline having a thickness of 0.3 to 5 mm which is suitable for an electronic material, particularly for an electrode material in a cell. Also provided is a cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte in which the polyaniline having a thickness of 0.3 to 5 mm is employed in at least one of the positive and negative electrodes, the cell having a high energy density and good cell performance stable for a long period of time.

Abstract: A lithium cell comprising a negative electrode containing lithium, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive and negative electrodes is improved in internal resistance and shelf life when the negative electrode is surface treated with a composition containing from more than 1% to 5% by weight of water.

Abstract: A lithium cell comprising a negative electrode containing lithium, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive and negative electrodes is improved in internal resistance and shelf life when the negative electrode is surface treated with water, lithium hydroxide, a PF.sub.6 ion-containing compound, or an AsF.sub.6 ion-containing compound.

Abstract: An electric cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte maintains excellent performance when the positive electrode is an electro-conductive polymer composite including a mesh stainless steel having a wire diameter of about 35-120 .mu.m and an electro-conductive polymer, typically polyaniline, integrally deposited onto the mesh by electrolytic polymerization. A container having the elements received therein is provided with a vent mechanism.

Abstract: A submarine cable laying system having an underwater cable laying device towed by a cable laying ship along the sea bottom is disclosed. The underwater cable laying device comprises a cable depressing wheel, a mechanism for elevating and lowering the cable depressing wheel, means detecting passage of repeaters and the like under said cable depressing wheel, and means for detecting the length of a part of the cable having been laid by the cable laying device. The output signals of the two detecting means are sent to a controlling device provided on said cable laying ship, and are so processed that the output signal from the controlling device can control the elevation or lowering of the cable depressing wheel automatically each time the repeaters or the like pass through the cable depressing wheel.

Abstract: A movable cable plow for dredging an underwater cable groove in a sea bed is disclosed wherein the plow is attached to a main body adapted to be pulled across the sea bed, such that it is adjustable vertically and angularly with respect to the main body. This allows the acurate control of the depth of the dredge groove. Also, a cable guide is pivotably attached to the plow, by way of a torsion spring hinge pin, so as to swing laterally with respect to the plow. This minimizes the lateral forces transmitted to the main body during the turning of the apparatus and, thereby, reduces the chances of the main body tipping over during the turning operation.