Abstract: A light-emitting composition containing first and second light-emitting markers. The first light-emitting marker comprises a first light-emitting material and a first binding group configured to bind to a first target analyte. The second light-emitting marker comprises a second light-emitting material which is different from the first light-emitting material and a second binding group which is different from the first binding group and which is configured to bind to a second target analyte. A luminescent lifetime of the first light-emitting material is shorter than a luminescent lifetime of the second light-emitting material. The difference in lifetimes of the first and second light-emitting materials may be used to distinguish between the first and second target analytes in a sample, e.g. by time-gated flow cytometry.

Abstract: A material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I): Ar is an aromatic ring; Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing N and C ring atoms; when Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring wherein the ring atoms are selected from N and C; when Ar1 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring; Ar3 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring; Ar4 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring or is absent; Ar5 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Ar6 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or is absent; and each X is independently a substituent bound to a C atom of Ar3, and where prese

Abstract: Nanoparticles for use in diagnosis by photoacoustic imaging or therapy by photothermal therapy are disclosed. The nanoparticles may have a core containing a light-absorbing material and silica. The nanoparticles may contain a light-absorbing material comprising an electron accepting unit and an electron donating unit wherein the electron-donating unit is a unit of formula (IIIa-1) wherein: Y in each occurrence is independently O or S; Z in each occurrence is O, S, NR55, or C(R54)2; R51 in each occurrence is H or a substituent; R54 in each occurrence is independently a substituent; and R55 is H or a substituent.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a repeating structure of formula (I): -D-X1-A-X2-. D is a conjugated electron-donating group of formula (II); A is a conjugated electron-accepting group; X1 and X2 are each independently a conjugated bridge group selected from phenylene, thiophene, furan, thienothiophene, furofuran, thienofuran, thiazole, oxazole, alkene, alkyne and imine, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. The polymer has a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level as measured by square wave voltammetry of no more than 5.30 eV from vacuum level. The polymer may be used as an electron donor in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A conjugated light-emitting polymer comprising a host repeat unit and an intermediate repeat unit in a backbone of the conjugated light emitting polymer, and an emissive unit. The host repeat unit has a wider band gap than the intermediate unit. The intermediate repeat unit has a wider band gap than the emissive unit. The emissive unit is either: an emissive repeat unit of a block copolymer wherein the block copolymer comprises a first block comprising the intermediate repeat unit and the emissive repeat unit and a second block comprising the host repeat unit; a substituent of a proportion of the host repeat units and at least some of the host repeat units substituted with an emissive unit are arranged directly adjacent to an intermediate repeat unit; a substituent of a proportion of the intermediate repeat units; or a repeat unit in the backbone of the conjugated polymer and is arranged directly adjacent to the intermediate repeat unit.

Abstract: An electrically non-conducting film (109) comprising an oligomer comprising an arylene or heteroarylene repeating unit is disposed between a chip (105), e.g. a flip-chip, and a functional layer (101), e.g. a printed circuit board, electrically connected to the chip by electrically conducting interconnects (107). The oligomer may be crosslinked.

Abstract: A method of identifying a target analyte in a sample containing a light-emitting marker configured to bind to the target analyte and detecting emission from the light-emitting marker. The light-emitting marker comprises a light-emitting polymer comprising a repeat unit of formula (I).

Abstract: A composition comprising a light-emitting material having a photoluminescent spectrum with a peak wavelength of more than 600 nm and material comprising a group of formula (I): wherein 1 2 3 4 Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4 are each independently a C6-20 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents, Ar5 independently in each occurrence is a heteroarylene group or a C6-20 arylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents, and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The composition may be used in an organic light-emitting device.

Abstract: A polymer comprising an electron-donating repeat unit of formula (I) and an electron-accepting repeat unit: -(A)n- (I) wherein A in each occurrence is independently a group of formula (II): Y in each occurrence is independently O or S. Z is O, S or NR3 wherein R3 is H or a substituent. R1 in each occurrence is independently H or a substituent. R2 in each occurrence is independently a substituent, n is at least 2. The polymer may be used as an electron-donating polymer in combination with an electron-accepting material in a bulk heterojunction layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A composition comprising an electron-donating polymer and an electron acceptor wherein the electron-donating polymer comprises a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene repeat unit and wherein a film of the electron-accepting material has a peak absorption wavelength greater than 1000 nm. The composition may be used as a photosensitive layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A light-emitting particle comprising a core comprising a matrix material and a light-emitting system comprising a polymer and a shell layer comprising an inorganic oxide in contact with and surrounding the core.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): EAG-EDG-EAG?? (I) wherein each EAG is an electron accepting group; and EDG is an electron-donating group of formula (IIa): The compound of formula (I) may be used in a photosensitive layer of an organic photodetector wherein the photosensitive layer comprises the compound of formula (I) and an electron donor. A photosensor may comprise the organic photodetector and a light source, e.g. a near infra-red light source.

Abstract: A fluorescent infrared emitting composition comprising a mixture of a first material and a second material wherein the first material is a fluorescent infrared material and the second material is a fluorescent material having a higher photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and shorter peak wavelength than the infrared emitting material. The composition may be used as the light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting device.

Abstract: A material comprising a group of formula (I): (I) wherein: X and Y are each independently selected from S, O or Se; Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group or are absent; A1 and A2 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group, a non-aromatic 6-membered ring having ring atoms selected from C, N, S and O or are absent; R1 is H or a substituent; R2 and R3 are each independently H or a substituent; and * represents a point of attachment to a hydrogen or non-hydrogen substituent.

Abstract: A composition comprising an electron acceptor material and an electron donor material wherein the electron acceptor material is a compound of formula (I): EAG-EDG-EAG (I) wherein each EAG is an electron-accepting group and EDG is a group of formula (II): (II) wherein: n is at least 1; each m is independently 0 or at least 1; each X, Y and A is independently O, S or Se; Z, independently in each occurrence if n is greater than 1, is O, S, C?O or NR9 wherein R9 is H or a substituent; and R1-R8 are each independently selected from H or a substituent. The composition may be used as photosensitive organic layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A light-emitting composition comprising: a light-emitting group and a polymer comprising: a repeat unit of formula Ar1 wherein Ar1 is an arylene repeat unit which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; and a repeat unit of formula (I): (I) wherein Ar2 and Ar3 each independently represent a C6-20 arylene group or a 5-20 membered heteroarylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents and CB represents a conjugation-breaking group which does not provide a conjugation path between Ar2 and Ar3; wherein the polymer has a solubility in water or a C1-8 alcohol at 20° C. of at least 0.1 mg/ml. The composition may be a light-emitting polymer in which the polymer contains the light-emitting group. The light-emitting composition may be part of a particle containing the polymer and a matrix material, e.g. silica. The light-emitting composition may be used in an assay for detection of a target analyte.

Abstract: A method for determining the sequence of a polynucleotide is described. The method comprises detecting in a sequencing reaction the incorporation of a first, second, third, or fourth nucleotide using first and second excitation wavelengths and a photodetector having a detection window comprising a range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or (III) (Formulae (I), (III)) wherein: one Y is a substituent R1 bound directly to the fluorene unit of formula (I) by an sp3-hybridised carbon atom; the other Y is an aryl or heteroaryl group Ar1 that may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; Ar2 is an arylene or heteroarylene group; R2 is a substituent; b is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; c is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and X is a group of formula (II): (Formula (II)) wherein Z is O or S; R3 independently in each occurrence is a substituent; each x is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and * is a bond to the fluorene unit of formula (I). The compounds may be used as host materials for phosphorescent dopants in organic light-emitting devices.

Abstract: A composition comprising a semiconducting host compound having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 100° C., and a phosphorescent compound wherein the phosphorescent compound is a metal complex of formula (II): M is Ir (III) or Pt (II). p is at least 1. q is 0, 1 or 2. L is a bidentate ligand substituted with one or two groups X wherein each X independently comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic group Ar5; the sum of the number of rings comprised in the one or more X groups of formula (II) is at least 12; and at least 75% of the mass of each X is made up of the mass of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring atoms of Ar5. L2 is a bidentate ligand which is different from L1.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): EAG-EDG-EAG (I) wherein EDG is an electron-donating group comprising a polycyclic heteroaromatic group and each EAG is an electron-accepting group of formula (II): (II) wherein R10 in each occurrence is H or a substituent; ---- is a bond to EDG; and each X1-X4 is independently CR11 or N wherein R11 in each occurrence is H or a substituent, with the proviso that at least one occurrence of at least one of X1-X4 is N. The compound may be used as an acceptor in a bulk heterojunction layer of an organic photodetector.