Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 mono-olefins are polymerized in the presence of a metal-substituted synthetic mica montmorillonite catalyst to selectively form gasoline boiling range oligomer products containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and oligomer distillate products containing up to 24 carbon atoms and having a maximum distillation end point of about 750.degree. F. (399.degree. C.).

Abstract: A catalyst having utility as a downstream catalyst in processes for hydrodesulfurization of asphaltene-containing petroleum oils, coal liquids, shale oils or oils from tar sands which employ both upstream and downstream catalysts in series. The downstream catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of a Group IV-B metal. The particles of said promoted catalyst are elongated extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. In processes using this catalyst, the upstream catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal and the particles of the upstream catalyst may or may not have similar surface grooves. The adaptation of the grooved particle configuration to the promoted catalyst composition provided the early development of a plateau-like aging curve which was not achieved by the adaptation of the grooved shape to a non-promoted catalyst.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing an upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst in series. The downstream catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal in the form of particles whose surface is shaped by multiple elongated alternating grooves and protrusions. The upstream catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal in the form of particles which may or may not be similarly shaped. Beds of the downstream and upstream catalyst may be diposed in the same or in different reactors. The adaptation of the grooved particle configuration to the promoted catalyst composition provided the early development of a plateau-like aging curve which was not achieved by the adaptation of the grooved shape to a non-promoted catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing a fixed catalyst bed comprising particles of supported Group VI and Group VIII metals, preferably together with a separate and downstream fixed catalyst bed comprising particles of Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The catalyst particles in both beds are in the form of elongated extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. An advantageous mass velocity-related catalyst activity effect is achieved by recycling a portion of the desulfurized liquid product.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing upstream and downstream reactors in series with an interstage flashing step. The catalyst in the downstream reactor comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The particles of the catalyst in the downstream reactor are in the form of extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. The catalyst in the upstream reactor comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal and is in the form of particles whose surface may or may not have a similar grooved form. An advantageous mass velocity-related activity effect has been found when the downstream reactor has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the upstream reactor.

Abstract: An improved method for sulfiding a petroleum distillate desulfurization catalyst which comprises sulfiding the catalyst composite with a sulfur-containing petroleum distillate at a temperature in excess of 660.degree.F. and thereafter conducting the desulfurization process at a temperature less than 650.degree.F.

Abstract: The hydrodesulfurization of a crude oil or a reduced crude containing the asphaltene fraction proceeds at unexpectedly low temperatures by utilizing a Group VI and Group VIII metal containing catalyst on alumina when the catalyst particles are very small and have a diameter between about 1/20 and 1/40 inch and are disposed in a parallel catalyst bed system.

Abstract: The hydrodesulfurization of a crude oil or a reduced crude containing the asphaltene fraction proceeds at unexpectedly low temperatures by utilizing a catalyst comprising a Group VI and Group VIII metal on alumina when the catalyst particles are very small and have a diameter between about 1/20 and 1/10 inch and the reaction is quenched with hydrogen.