Abstract: A video microscope for acquiring video images of a sample held within a sample holder comprises a stroboscopic illuminator for applying illumination to the sample when video images are to be acquired and a video camera arranged to acquire video images of the sample, the camera being movable within a housing. A real-time controller is arranged for controlling the stroboscopic illuminator and for controlling movement of the video camera, and a control system arranged to provide user configurable real-time video processing and video-event-based triggering.