Abstract: A leak detection system for detecting a fuel leak from a storage tank comsing a vertically positioned reference tube that spans the full useful length of the fuel tank which is generally located underground. The reference tube is filled and drained with the tank. The system also has a normally open pneumatic by-pass valve which when closed isolates the reference tube from the tank. A differential pressure gauge between the tank and reference tube reads zero pressure immediately after closure of the by-pass valve. A differential pressure reading between the tank and reference tube indicates the presence of fuel leakage from the tank. The inside of the reference tube is tapered at the top portion and bottom portion of the tube to match the cross sectional area of the tank upper dome and lower tank dome ends, while the outside diameter of the tube remains constant through out the length of the tube.

Abstract: A causeway mooring apparatus adapted for use with a causeway having a pluity of spaced apart pontoons. The causeway mooring apparatus fits within a gap between adjacent pontoons of the causeway and includes a cleat which is used to secure tow or mooring lines to the causeway. The causeway mooring apparatus is secured to the adjacent pontoons and a pair of L-shaped stringers by a plurality of threaded bolts which also allow for the removal of the causeway mooring apparatus from the causeway. The foundation for the causeway mooring apparatus is an L-shaped tubular support structure. A pair of side stiffener plates are attached to the L-shaped tubular support structure. The side stiffener plates have a cleat mounting plate affixed to their top edge with the cleat mounting plate supporting the cleat. The side stiffener plates transfer applied loads from the cleat through the L-shaped tubular support structure of the mooring apparatus to the pair of L-shaped stringers.