Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a gel-type skin external composition containing a L-ascorbic acid derivative, which has excellent shape retention, stability, and excellent feeling of use even when salts coexist in the composition. The above problem is solved by providing a gel-type skin external composition containing a L-ascorbic acid derivative, a nonionic synthetic water-soluble polymer, and a natural water-soluble polysaccharide.

Abstract: [Object] The present invention aims to provide an external dermal agent that tightens the skin, lifts up sagging skin, has no stickiness to the skin, and has a satisfactory compatibility with the skin, without giving any unfavorable feeling to users. [Means to Attain the Object] The present invention solves the above object by providing an external dermal agent characterized in that it contains pullulan and an alkaline-swelling polymer in a mass ratio of the pullulan to the alkaline-swelling polymer being 10 or more.

Abstract: [Object] The present invention aims to provide an external dermal agent that tightens the skin, lifts up sagging skin, has no stickiness to the skin, and has a satisfactory compatibility with the skin, without giving any unfavorable feeling to users. [Means to Attain the Object] The present invention solves the above object by providing an external dermal agent characterized in that it contains pullulan and an alkaline-swelling polymer in a mass ratio of the pullulan to the alkaline-swelling polymer being 10 or more.

Abstract: Industrial process for the efficient production of aniline derivatives which are important intermediates for the manufacture of oxazolidinedione derivatives and tetrahydrophthalimide derivatives which are useful as active ingredients of herbicides. The process starts from 2,4-dihalo-5-aminophenol or bis(2,4-dihalo-5-aminophenyl)carbonate and selectively cycloalkylates or alkynylates the hydroxy group without protecting the amino group, whereby aniline derivatives having the cycloalkyloxy group or alkynyloxy group can be produced in high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamide derivatives and 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroisophthalimide derivatives having excellent effects as effective active ingredients of herbicides, and processes for preparing the same, and provides the compounds having a more efficient herbicidal activity, and efficient and industrial processes for the preparation thereof.More specifically, the tetrahydrophthalimide derivative obtained by reacting a halogen-substituted 5-cycloalkyloxyaniline derivative with a 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or the tetrahydroisophthalimide derivative of the present invention is reacted with various types of amines to prepare a tetrahydrophthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## These tetrahydrophthalamide derivatives and the tetrahydroisophthalimide derivatives exhibit excellent herbicidal activities in the soil treatment in the paddy field and field and the stem-foliar treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamide derivatives and 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroisophthalimide derivatives having excellent effects as effective active ingredients of herbicides, and processes for preparing the same, and provides the compounds having a more efficient herbicidal activity, and efficient and industrial processes for the preparation thereof.More specifically, the tetrahydrophthalimide derivative obtained by reacting a halogen-substituted 5-cycloalkyloxyaniline derivative with a 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or the tetrahydroisophthalimide derivative of the present invention is reacted with various types of amines to prepare a tetrahydrophthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## These tetrahydrophthalamide derivatives and the tetrahydroisophthalimide derivatives exhibit excellent herbicidal activities in the soil treatment in the paddy field and field and the stem-foliar treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorobenzene derivatives, which are important intermediates for producing herbicidal oxazolidinedione derivatives, and methods of producing them. The fluorobenzene derivatives include compounds of a formula (11): ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, R.sup.3 is a nitro, amino or isocyanato group or R.sup.1 OCONH, and R.sup.1 is an alkyl or phenyl group. Via the intermediates of the invention, oxazolidinedione derivatives can be produced with high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorobenzene derivatives, which are important intermediates for producing herbicidal oxazolidinedione derivatives, and methods of producing them. The fluorobenzene derivatives include compounds of a formula (11): ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, R.sup.3 is a nitro, amino or isocyanato group or R.sup.1 OCONH, and R.sup.1 is an alkyl or phenyl group. Via the intermediates of the invention, oxazolidinedione derivatives can be produced with high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorobenzene derivatives, which are important intermediates for producing herbicidal oxazolidinedione derivatives, and methods of producing them. The fluorobenzene derivatives include compounds of a formula (11): ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, R.sup.3 is a nitro, amino or isocyanato group or R.sup.1 OCONH, and R.sup.1 is an alkyl or phenyl group. Via the intermediates of the invention, oxazolidinedione derivatives can be produced with high yield.