Abstract: In order to propose a method of promptly judging movement of a train between block sections with a minimum number of transponders, an on-ground train control part for controlling operation of a train; an on-ground communication means capable of performing communication of information by coming within a specified range; and a sending-and-receiving part capable of sending the information received by the on-ground communication device to the on-ground train control part and receiving the information sent from the on-ground train control part, are provided, thereby, a position of presence of train is grasped by receiving a speed of the train using the on-ground communication means when the on-train communication means attached to the train comes near.

Abstract: In order to propose a method of promptly judging movement of a train between block sections with a minimum number of transponders, an on-ground train control part for controlling operation of a train; an on-ground communication means capable of performing communication of information by coming within a specified range; and a sending-and-receiving part capable of sending the information received by the on-ground communication device to the on-ground train control part and receiving the information sent from the on-ground train control part, are provided, thereby, a position of presence of train is grasped by receiving a speed of the train using the on-ground communication means when the on-train communication means attached to the train comes near.

Abstract: A train control method and apparatus for controlling the movement of trains with high safety by detecting trains on sections of track by an electronic blocking system. A wayside communication element (wayside transponder) 5 is placed in each block section on a track on which a train 1 runs. A cab communication element (cab transponder) 3 which can communicate with the wayside communication elements on the track is placed on the train 1. When receiving a train identifier (ID) from a train, a wayside control device transmits the current position information and the stop position information to the train. The cab communication element of the train 1 receives the current position information and the stop position information, creates a protection speed pattern between the current train position and the stop position from the received information, and limits the speed of the train 1 by the protection speed pattern.

Abstract: A train control method and apparatus for controlling the movement of trains with high safety by detecting trains on sections of track by an electronic blocking system.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium in which direct overwriting can be done by only modifying the power level and/or the pulse width of applied optical pulses, and without changing the direction of the bias magnetic field. The recording layer comprises first and second magnetic recording layers. The first magnetic layer is a rare-earth transition metal-amorphous alloy and has a perpendicular easy magnetization axis, a thickness of 10 to 200 nm, and a compensation temperature above room temperature. The second magnetic layer comprises an alloy of a first component of Co and/or Fe and a second component of a rare earth metal and/or a noble metal or an alloy of Co and at least one metal selected from Ti, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga and Ge. The second magnetic layer is a material having an in-plane easy magnetization axis such that it has a magnetization axis parallel to the second magnetic layer if formed independently on a dielectric layer, the second magnetic layer having a thickness of not more than 3 nm.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium having an improved durability or reliability is obtained by providing a protecting layer of an alloy of titanium with one or more of chromium, rhenium and tantalum. This titanium alloy protecting layer has an improved resistance to oxygen, water, chlorine, and acids, etc. and provides an improved resistance to the environment and attacks from the synthetic resin substrate or other layers constituting the medium, such as a dielectric layer and a reflecting layer.

Abstract: A magneto-optical layer sensitive to a light with a short wavelength such as 400 to 550 nm and having a perpendicular magnetization can be deposited on a substrate at a room temperature. The magneto-optical layer is of a tertiary polycrystalline having a composition, for example, Co.sub. aPt.sub.b Ru.sub.c where 20.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.70, 10.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.70, 10.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.60 and a+b+c=100 or Co.sub.d Pt.sub.e Re.sub.f where d.ltoreq.80, 5.ltoreq.e, 5.ltoreq.f, 40.ltoreq.4d-5f and d+e+f=100, and has an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the main surface of the layer.

Abstract: The reproduction characteristics, particularly the C/N ratio of a reproduced signal of an optical recording medium are deteriorated by an unevenness or deformation of an optical recording layer due to a convex or concave configuration of underlying guide means that are formed on the surface of the substrate. This deterioration can be prevented by disposing a leveling layer under the recording layer, but the leveling layer lowers the efficiency of the servo tracking. This lowering of servo tracking efficiency is prevented by insertion of a dielectric layer between the leveling layer and the guides.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium, comprising a substrate, a magneto-optical recording layer on the substrate, a transparent thermally-insulating layer of one selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxynitride and tantalum oxide on the magneto-optical recording layer, and a metal reflecting layer on the transparent thermally-insulating layer, the metal reflecting layer having a thermal conduction represented by a product of a thermal conductivity multiplied by a layer thickness of not less than 1.3.times.10.sup.-6 WK.sup.-1. Heat dispersion is improved while maintaining a high recording sensitivity.

Abstract: In the magneto-optical recording medium with a transparent substrate, a film of dielectric indium oxide, tin oxide or metallic Ti is interposed between the substrate and the recording layer, to prevent deterioration of the properties thereof.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium having an improved durability or reliability is obtained by providing a protecting layer of an alloy of titanium with one or more of chromium, rhenium and tantalum. This titanium alloy protecting layer has an improved resistance to oxygen, water, chlorine, and acids, etc. and provides an improved resistance to the environment and attacks from the synthetic resin substrate or other layers constituting the medium, such as a dielectric layer and a reflecting layer.

Abstract: A plasma treatment apparatus for forming a thin film on a substrate in a vacuum vessel includes a magnetic field generator which can be positioned inside or outside the vacuum vessel, and a microwave source. The magnetic field strength is controllable such that an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) area is defined near the substrate. The magnetic field generator can be arranged so that plasma and reactive gas introduction ports are on the microwave introduction side of the ECR area and the substrate is on the opposite side of the ECR area. Alternatively, a gas introduction port can be positioned such that reactive gas is introduced into the ECR area or onto the substrate.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a transparent dielectric layer as a protecting and/or enhancing layer is provided, wherein the transparent dielectric layer is made of an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of indium, tin and tantalum, the oxide further containing at least one element selected from the group of nitrogen and bismuth. This transparent dieletric layer has an excellent adhesivity to a resin substrate, a low internal stress, and a high refractive index.

Abstract: A metal reflecting layer of an aluminum or silver alloy containing gold has a lower thermal conductivity than aluminum or silver and gold while maintaining a high reflectivity, and thus an optical recording medium, particularly a magneto-optical recording medium, having a high recording sensitivity and a C/N ratio, as well as an improved durability, can be provided. The content of Au in the Al alloy is 0.5-20 at % and that in the silver alloy is 0.5-30 at %. Preferably, at least one of the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, zirconium and yittrium is added to an alloy of Al or Ag with Au, and the content of at least one of the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, zirconium and yittrium is preferably 0.3-5.0 at % in an Al-Au alloy and 0.3-12.0 at % in an Ag-Au alloy. More preferably, the total content of Au and at least one of the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, zirconium and yittrium is 1.0-15 at %.

Abstract: An optical recording medium, particularly a magneto-optical recording medium, resistant to oxidation deterioration even in a hot and humid atmosphere, is provided by forming an organic protecting adhesive layer of a UV-curved resin having (1) an acid value of not more than 1.5; and (2) a softening point of not less than 50.degree. C. The UV-curved resin layer comprises 15 to 85% by weight of acrylate and/or methacrylate having at least three functionalities; 15 to 70% by weight of a compound having a linear structure and having a molecular weight of at least 300, the compound preferably having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond and a molecular weight of at least 150 per ethylenically unsaturated bond; and (3) a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy consists of iron and tellurium and has a tellurium content of from about 14 to 90 atomic%. The amorphous alloy can be utilized as an information material for optical recording and the like, and as a magnetic material and the like. The corrosion resistance and particularly heat resistance are excellent.

Abstract: Heat-resistant filters 6, 7 are disposed at the upstream side of a catalyst bed 9. These heat-resistant filters 6, 7 perform filtration to completely catch and remove the smoke particles suspended by the exhaust gas, so that the undesirable attaching of the smoke particles to the catalyst bed 9 is fairly avoided. Also, means are provided to regenerate the heat-resistant filters simply by burning the smoke particles attaching to these filters. In another embodiment, a heat-resistant filter 24 and a catalyst bed 26 are shaped to have hollow cylindrical forms and are superposed to each other. For regenerating the heat-resistant filter 24, hot air is introduced into the filter 24 by the action of a high pressure burner 28 or a vacuum generating section 33. The heat-resistant filter 24 and the catalyst bed 26 are accomodated by a single case 21.

Abstract: A laminated multilayer sheet structure composed of (A) an opaque flexible sheet layer and (B) a flexible layer laminated to the surface of layer (A) and composed of a transparent thermic ray reflecting layer (B.sub.1) bonded to a transparent synthetic resin layer (B.sub.2). The sheet structure may be applied to the surface of a floor, wall, ceiling, partition or piece of furniture for indoor heat insulation.

Abstract: An insulative multi-pane window structure of a refrigerator or freezer, said structure being interposable between a colder inside region and a warmer outside region of the refrigerator or freezer to permit vision therebetween and including at least a first pane having a surface exposed in use to humidity-bearing air in the warmer region and a second pane opposite to and spaced apart from the first pane, at least one of the first and second panes having an infrared reflecting coating attached in a specific manner; characterized in that said infrared reflective coating is a transparent, electrically conductive laminated structure composed of(A) a transparent solid substrate of a film-forming synthetic resin,(B) a thin layer of an oxide of titanium in contact with the substrate, said layer being derived from a layer of an organic titanium compound and containing organic residual moieties of the organic titanium compound,(C) a thin layer of an electrically conductive metal in contact with layer (B),(D) a thin lay

Abstract: A transparent, electrically conductive laminated structure composed of(A) a transparent solid substrate,(B) a thin layer of an oxide of titanium being contacted with the said substrate (A),(c) a thin layer of an electrically conductive metal being contacted with the said layer (B),(d) a thin layer of an oxide of titanium being contacted with the said layer (C), and(E) optionally, a transparent top layer being contacted with the said layer (D)characterized in that(i) the said substrate (A) is a film-forming synthetic resin layer and(ii) the said layer (B) is a layer of an oxide of titanium derived from a layer of an organic titanium compound and contains organic residual moieties of the said organic titanium compound;And a process for the production of the same.