Abstract: A method is provided for industrially advantageously and effectively separating 4M2B and 3M6B from a t-butylcresol mixture containing 2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (4M2B), 2-tbutyl-5-methylphenol (3M6B), compounds having a lower boiling point than that of 4M2B and compounds having a higher boiling point than that of 3M6B derived from a m,p-cresol mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of cresols, including the steps of: (a) conducting oxygenation of cymene with oxygen gas or an oxygen-containing gas, thereby obtaining a solution of oxygenation products containing tertiary and primary hydroperoxides of cymene; (b) reacting the solution of oxygenation products obtained in the step (a) with an organic quaternary ammonium salt and an alkali, or with an organic quaternary ammonium hydroxide, thereby decreasing the content of primary hydroperoxide; (c) subjecting the reaction mixture in the step (b) to decomposition in the presence of a catalyst; and (d) subjecting the decomposition mixture in the step (c) to hydrogenation, thereby obtaining the desired cresols.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of cresols, including the steps of: (a) conducting oxygenation of cymene with oxygen gas or an oxygen-containing gas without any addition of an alkali, thereby obtaining a solution of oxygenation products containing tertiary and primary hydroperoxides of cymene; (b) washing the solution of oxygenation products obtained in step (a) with an aqueous alkali solution at a temperature in the range of from 10.degree. to 95.degree. C.; (c) subjecting the solution of oxygenation products obtained in step (b) to hydrogenation at a temperature in the range of from 60.degree. to 100.degree. C. to decrease the content of primary hydroperoxide in such a manner that the weight ratio of primary hydroperoxide to tertiary hydroperoxide is not greater than 1/25 (w/w); (d) subjecting the solution treated in step (c) to decomposition in the presence of a catalyst; and (e) subjecting the solution treated in step (d) to hydrogenation to obtain cresols.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating and reacting an alumina with at least one carbonate of an alkali metal and at least one material selected from the group consisting of potassium and alkali metal hydrides at a temperature of from 180.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere, as a catalyst.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared effectively under mild conditions by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by treating a water-containing oxide of an alkaline earth metal with at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkali metal hydrides in an amount of 0.5 to 3.5 equivalents per one mole of water in said oxide in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom on an alpha-carbon in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by treating an alumina with at least one compound of an alkaline earth metal at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. and then with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkali metal hydride in an inert gas at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 800.degree. C.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by reacting an alumina with an alkali metal carbonate and/or aluminate and an alkali metal amd/or its hydride in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 180.degree. to 800.degree. C. as a catalyst.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating an alumina, an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal hydride or an alumina containing at least 1.3% by weight of water and an alkali metal hydride in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. as a catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for dimerizing lower .alpha.-olefins using a novel nickel-containing Ziegler catalyst system including(A) an organic acid salt or complex of nickel,(B) a trialkylaluminum,(C) a trivalent phosphorus compound of the formula:PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)P(NR.sup.1.sub.2).sub.3 (II)P(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (III)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl,(D) a fluorinated isopropanol of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are in 4.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.6, and optionally (E) a catalyst co-activator: halogenated compounds of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein X is halogen, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are alkyl, and n is 1 to 3, and further optionally,(F) a compound selected from aliphatic alcohol and aliphatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof,which yields the dimers with high selectivity of isomers and uniformity of the catalyst without corrosion of the apparatus.

Abstract: Rose oxide, which is an important olfactive compound valuable in the art of perfumery, is advantageously produced from citronellol through a novel synthetic route comprising(1) anodic alkoxylation of citronellol using as a supporting electrolyte an alkali metal aromatic sulfonate,(2) dealkoxylation of the resulting 2,6-dimethyl-3-alkoxyoct-1-en-8-ol in the presence of a palladium or nickel complex, and then(3) cyclization of the resulting dehydrocitronellol in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an arylacetaldehyde by reacting the corresponding arylmethyl halide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt compound and a basic reagent in a liquid medium, characterized in that the basic reagent is an alkali metal compound and the liquid medium is a solvent system chosen from nitriles and their mixtures with hydrocarbons, whereby the arylacetaldehyde can be produced in a good yield by the use of a small amount of the cobalt compound as the catalyst.

Abstract: An alcohol is produced in a high selectivity with a good yield from the corresponding carboxylic acid by reducing the latter with hydrogen in the presence of a rhenium catalyst in the coexistence of an organic base. An arylacetic acid, which is included in the starting carboxylic acid, can be produced in an excellent yield from the corresponding aryl aldehyde by reacting the latter with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of rhodium or its compound and hydrogen iodide.

Abstract: Rose oxide, which is an important olfactive compound valuable in the art of perfumery, is advantageously produced from citronellol through a novel synthetic route comprising(1) anodic alkoxylation of citronellol using as a supporting electrolyte an alkali metal aromatic sulfonate,(2) dealkoxylation of the resulting 2,6-dimethyl-3-alkoxyoct-1-en-8-ol in the presence of a palladium or nickel complex, and then(3) cyclization of the resulting dehydrocitronellol in the presence of an acid.