Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which substrates for both panels can be electrically connected easily. The display device, which is implemented by multiple-layered liquid crystal cell panels configured by laminating a liquid crystal cell panel having a rigid panel substrate and a liquid crystal cell panel having a flexible panel substrate, makes use of the flexibility of the flexible panel substrate for making electrical connection between the flexible panel substrate and the rigid panel substrate. A part of the flexible panel substrate is protruded and, on this protrusion, electrode wire lines are provided for making electrical connection between the panel substrates. Bending the flexible panel substrate allows the electrode wire lines, formed on the protrusion, to be brought into contact with the rigid panel substrate.

Abstract: In displaying a price label, the price can be displayed at low resolution without any problem, but a bar code requires a high resolution display. In view of this, the invention provides an electrode structure for a display apparatus that can suppress increases in cost and power consumption while preventing image quality degradation, even when a low-resolution display area and a high-resolution display area are mixed on the same display. A liquid crystal panel 10 has a main display section 11 and a sub-display section 12. In the main display section 11, pixels are arranged in a matrix pattern. In the sub display section 12, rectangle-shaped pixels are arranged in a single row, and the pixel pitch in the sub display section 12 is m/n of that in the main display section 11 (n and m are integers).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal between two flexible substrates, a light guide sheet of a lighting device capable of emitting lights of a plurality of colors to illuminate the liquid crystal display panel, and a switch sheet which senses a press thereon are stacked in this order so that the switch sheet can be locally pressed from the front surface side of the liquid crystal display panel. A circuit is further provided which causes the lighting device to repeat an illumination period in which only a light of a predetermined color of the lights of the plurality of colors is used, for each of the colors in order, and drives the liquid crystal display panel on an FSC basis in synchronization with the illumination period for each of the colors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which substrates for both panels can be electrically connected easily. The display device, which is implemented by multiple-layered liquid crystal cell panels configured by laminating a liquid crystal cell panel having a rigid panel substrate and a liquid crystal cell panel having a flexible panel substrate, makes use of the flexibility of the flexible panel substrate for making electrical connection between the flexible panel substrate and the rigid panel substrate. A part of the flexible panel substrate is protruded and, on this protrusion, electrode wire lines are provided for making electrical connection between the panel substrates. Bending the flexible panel substrate allows the electrode wire lines, formed on the protrusion, to be brought into contact with the rigid panel substrate.

Abstract: A memory apparatus having a rewritable nonvolatile memory, and a control circuit. The memory apparatus brings logical addresses into correspondence with physical addresses of the nonvolatile memory and retains a piece of number-of-rewrites information for each logical address. The control circuit can perform a replacement process of a piece of memory information on the nonvolatile memory. In the replacement process, a given logical address judged to have a small number of rewrites based on the number-of-rewrites information is replaced so as to correspond to a different physical address and then data is transferred according to the replacement. Even when data of the logical address smaller in the number of rewrites is assigned to the different physical address, the number of rewrites of the region is still grasped as the number of rewrites of the logical address.

Abstract: In displaying a price label, the price can be displayed at low resolution without any problem, but a bar code requires a high resolution display. In view of this, the invention provides an electrode structure for a display apparatus that can suppress increases in cost and power consumption while preventing image quality degradation, even when a low-resolution display area and a high-resolution display area are mixed on the same display. A liquid crystal panel 10 has a main display section 11 and a sub-display section 12. In the main display section 11, pixels are arranged in a matrix pattern. In the sub display section 12, rectangle-shaped pixels are arranged in a single row, and the pixel pitch in the sub display section 12 is m/n of that in the main display section 11 (n and m are integers).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer (20) sandwiched between an upper substrate (1) having scanning electrodes (11) and a lower substrate (5) having opposite electrodes (13) and electrode driving ICs (2, 3, 4), mounted only at a side of the upper substrate (1), for driving the respective electrodes, in which connecting wirings (10) for connecting the scanning electrode driving ICs (3, 4) and the scanning electrodes (11) are disposed between an image display portion (14), which is provided on the inner side of a sealing portion (15) for bonding the substrates (1, 5) together, and the sealing portion (15). The connecting wirings (10) and the scanning electrodes (11) are electrically connected to each other at connecting regions (12) provided in the sealing portion (15), and a shielding (51) is provided between the image display portion (14) and the sealing portion (15).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer (20) sandwiched between an upper substrate (1) having scanning electrodes (11) and a lower substrate (5) having opposite electrodes (13) and electrode driving ICs (2, 3, 4), mounted only at a side of the upper substrate (1), for driving the respective electrodes, in which connecting wirings (10) for connecting the scanning electrode driving ICs (3, 4) and the scanning electrodes (11) are disposed between an image display portion (14), which is provided on the inner side of a sealing portion (15) for bonding the substrates (1, 5) together, and the sealing portion (15). The connecting wirings (10) and the scanning electrodes (11) are electrically connected to each other at connecting regions (12) provided in the sealing portion (15), and a shielding (51) is provided between the image display portion (14) and the sealing portion (15).

Abstract: A device for measuring an intracellular ion concentration in a living cell into which a fluorescent probe dye has been introduced. A concentration of an ion in the cell is measured based on intensities of fluorescence generated by irradiating the cell with excitation beams, and comparing the intensities of fluorescence emitted by the cell with fluorescence intensities generated from each of 3 reference solutions irradiated with excitation beams. The device is composed of a container means for holding an object to be measured, an excitation beam irradiating means, a fluorescence intensity detecting means, a first processing means for receiving output signals of the fluorescence intensity detecting means and a second processing means for solving simultaneous equations to determine a concentration of the ion to be measured within the cell.

Abstract: In a method for measuring an intracellular ion concentration of the present invention, 4 or more solutions of a fluorescence probe dye and the ions to be measured, 3 or more solutions of an interfering biosubstance and the fluorescent probe dye, and 3 or more solutions of the interfering biosubstance, the fluorescent probe dye and the ions to be measured are prepared. Each solution is irradiated with excitation beams at three different wavelengths, and a fluorescence intensity generated from each solution is measured. Three kinds of equilibrium constants in equilibrium constant equations and 12 kinds of fluorescence coefficients in fluorescence intensity calculating equations are optimized in accordance with a method of successive approximation. With the optimized 15 constants, the equilibrium constant equations and the fluorescence intensity calculation equations are solved to obtain the concentration of ions to be measured.

Abstract: A triple view imaging apparatus is provided for measuring quantitative distribution of material or property in a sample. In the triple view imaging apparatus, an optical system receives an original optical image of the sample, separates the original optical image into at least two secondary optical images having different optical properties from one another, and projects the at least two secondary optical images into a single view angle. A single video camera simultaneously picks up the thus projected plurality of secondary optical images as a single composite image and produces image signals representing the light intensities of the plurality of secondary optical images. An image processor receives the image signals and processes the image signals to obtain final image signals representing a relationship between the image signals for respective ones of the plurality of secondary optical images.

Abstract: A fluorescence probe dye is introduced into a cell, and excitation beams at three defferent wavelengths are irradiated to the cell to measure intensities of the fluorescence generated by the excitation beams, corresponding to the three wavelengths. Then, an equilibrium reaction equation for concentrations of the fluorescence probe dye, protein, free ions and their complexes in the cell, and a relationship equation between the fluorescence probe dye, protein, free ions and their complexes are used as simultaneous equations to give concentrations of the respective components. This process can correct interactions among various components of the cell due to bonding among them and a correct ion concentration can be determined.

Abstract: Configuration image data representing an external form of an object is stored in advance in a configuration image memory. A two-dimensional image of faint light emitted from the object is detected by a high-sensitivity image pickup means including a two-dimensional photon-counting tube. Faint light image data representing the detected faint light image is accumulated by an adder circuit, and stored in a faint light image memory. The stored faint light image data is superposed on the stored configuration data for each accumulating operation, and based on the superposed image data a superposed image is successivley displayed on a display device.

Abstract: An auto-pedestal level clamp circuit, which clamps a pedestal level of a television signal input through a DC blocking capacitor using a pedestal level clamp switch to automatically adjust the pedestal level, includes a level detecting circuit for detecting a luminance signal level of the television signal, and an A/D converter for judging a luminance of a frame based on the output from the level detecting circuit. The level detecting circuit includes first and second gates, first and second switches controlled by the first and second gates, and a smoothing circuit. The pedestal level of the television signal input to the level detecting circuit through the pedestal level clamp switch is adjusted based on an integral potential level of the output from the A/D converter.

Abstract: A circuit for generating vertical and horizontal sync signals suitable for a display which is driven by digital signals, e.g. a liquid crystal display panel of a television receiver, whereby purely digital circuit elements can be utilized throughout, as opposed to conventional sync signal generating circuits which are basically of analog type. Recognition of sync signal components derived from a composite video signal is based on time discrimination using counters and gate circuits, and the circuits can be substantially entirely implemented within a single low power-consumption integrated circuit, e.g. a CMOS IC.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display panel of a TV receiver whereby of each set of six scanning lines consisting of three successive lines of one field and three corresponding lines of the succeeding field, three lines are displayed by display elements driven by one scanning electrode and the remaining three lines by display elements driven by an immediately adjacent scanning electrode. One of the three lines to be displayed by the action of each electrode may be omitted. An increase in display resolution of approximately 4/3 is attained, by comparison with a simple prior art drive method.

Abstract: A synchronous separation circuit comprises a capacitor, one end of the capacitor serving as an input terminal for receiving a synthetic video signal, a first C-MOS inverter, an input terminal of which is connected to the other end of the capacitor, a first resistor, one end of which is connected to the other end of the capacitor, a diode, one end of which is connected to the other end of the capacitor, and a second C-MOS inverter, an input terminal of which is connected to the other end of the diode, while an output terminal of which is connected directly or through a second resistor to the input terminal of the second C-MOS inverter, wherein when the synthetic video signal has positive characteristics, a potential at the other end of the first resistor is set to a value equal to or lower than a potential at the input terminal of the second C-MOS inverter, and when the synthetic video signal has negative characteristics, the potential at the other end of the first resistor is set to a value equal to or higher

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is hinged on a body comprising a case provided with an electric circuit therein. On the case, a mirror is provided for watching an image on the liquid crystal display panel by the light passing through the display panel. An electroluminescence device is detachably provided in a receptacle in the case. The electroluminescence device can be positioned at a position adjacent the liquid crystal display panel so as to light the panel.