Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for shot peening by which a compressive residual stress that is higher than any achieved by the conventional method can be achieved while the thickness of the processed material that is scraped is suppressed. The method is characterized in that the shot materials are shot against the processed material that has the hardness of 750 HV or more that is calculated from equations (1) to (3) below. The shot materials have Vickers hardness that is higher than the hardness of the processed material by 50 HV to 250 HV. The thickness of the processed material that is to be scraped is suppressed to 5 ?m or less. HV(m)={f(C)?f(T,t)}(1??R/100)+400×?R/100??Equation (1) f(C)=?660C2+1373C+278??Equation (2) f(T,t)=0.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for shot peening by which a compressive residual stress that is higher than any achieved by the conventional method can be achieved while the thickness of the processed material that is scraped is suppressed. The method is characterized in that the shot materials are shot against the processed material that has the hardness of 750 HV or more that is calculated from equations (1) to (3) below. The shot materials have Vickers hardness that is higher than the hardness of the processed material by 50 HV to 250 HV. The thickness of the processed material that is to be scraped is suppressed to 5 ?m or less. HV(m)={f(C)?f(T,t)}(1??R/100)+400×?R/100??Equation (1) f(C)=?660C2+1373C+278??Equation (2) f(T,t)=0.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including at least one dense solid electrolyte body, at least two dense interconnectors for collecting current flowing the cell, cathodes and anodes, wherein the at least one dense solid electrolyte body and at least two dense interconnectors constitute a structural body, a plurality of first gas flow channels and a plurality of second gas flow channels both extend in a given direction, and are each defined and surrounded by a part of the at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of the at least two interconnectors, the anodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective first gas flow channels, the cathodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective second gas flow channels, every anode is opposed to an adjacent cathode or adjacent cathodes via a

Abstract: An assembly structure for facilitating assembly of laminated cells, for reducing the possibility of gas leakage and for preventing the reduction of generating efficiency of cells due to the gas leakage is provided. A plate-shaped electrochemical cell made of a ceramic material with a through hole formed therein is held by a holding member. The holding member is made of a ceramic material having a planar main body with a protruded portion. A first supply hole for supplying a first gas and a second supply hole for supplying a second gas are formed in the holding member. The planar main body of the holding member has a first sealing surface against a first surface of the electrochemical cell while the protruded portion is inserted into the through hole.

Abstract: A method of producing a laminated body having a ceramic porous body having a thickness of 300 ?m or larger and a ceramic dense body having a thickness of 25 ?m or smaller. A green body for the porous body and a green body for the dense body are laminated to obtain a laminate, which is then subjected to pressure molding by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a pressure molded body. The pressure molded body is sintered to obtain a laminated sintered body. By reducing the leakage rate of helium gas of the laminated sintered body to 10?6 Pa˜m3/s or lower, the operational efficiency of the cell can be improved, and the deterioration of the cell can be prevented to improve an output after the cell is subjected to initiation and termination cycle tests of operation.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including at least one dense solid electrolyte body, at least two dense interconnectors for collecting current flowing the cell, cathodes and anodes, wherein the at least one dense solid electrolyte body and at least two dense interconnectors constitute a structural body, a plurality of first gas flow channels and a plurality of second gas flow channels both extend in a given direction, and are each defined and surrounded by a part of the at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of the at least two interconnectors, the anodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective first gas flow channels, the cathodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective second gas flow channels, every anode is opposed to an adjacent cathode or adjacent cathodes via a

Abstract: The invention provides an assembly structure for facilitating assembly of laminated cells, for reducing the possibility of gas leakage and for preventing the reduction of generating efficiency of cells due to gas leakage. In a disclosed embodiment, a plate-shaped electrochemical cell 9 made of a ceramic material with a through hole 9a formed therein is held by a holding member 1. The member 1 is made of a ceramic material and has a plate-shaped main body 1a of a shape of a flat plate and a protruded portion 1b. A first supply hole 2A for supplying one gas and a second supply hole 2B for supplying the other gas are formed in the holding member 1. The main body 1a has a sealing surface 1c against the one main face 9a of the cell 9 while the protruded portion 1b is inserted into the through hole 9a.

Abstract: The invention provides an assembly structure for facilitating assembly of laminated cells, for reducing the possibility of gas leakage and for preventing the reduction of generating efficiency of cells due to gas leakage. In a disclosed embodiment, a plate-shaped electrochemical cell 9 made of a ceramic material with a through hole 9a formed therein is held by a holding member 1. The member 1 is made of a ceramic material and has a plate-shaped main body 1a of a shape of a flat plate and a protruded portion 1b. A first supply hole 2A for supplying one gas and a second supply hole 2B for supplying the other gas are formed in the holding member 1. The main body 1a has a sealing surface 1c against the one main face 9a of the cell 9 while the protruded portion 1b is inserted into the through hole 9a.

Abstract: A switching device changes over breaking and closing of an electric current by opening/closing a contact portion. An electrically-operated motor generates energy for closing a contact and energy generated by the rotation of the electrically-operated motor is accumulated in a breaking spring. The energy generated by the electrically-operated motor is transmitted to the contact by way of a cam, a breaking spring link, a transfer lever and the like. The breaking spring is arranged in the midst of the converting lever. When the contact is opened, the electrically-operated motor is stopped and the energy accumulated in the breaking spring is released.

Abstract: A switching device changes over breaking and closing of an electric current by opening/closing a contact portion. An electrically-operated motor generates energy for closing a contact and energy generated by the rotation of the electrically-operated motor is accumulated in a breaking spring. The energy generated by the electrically-operated motor is transmitted to the contact by way of a cam, a breaking spring link, a transfer lever and the like. The breaking spring is arranged in the midst of the converting lever. When the contact is opened, the electrically-operated motor is stopped and the energy accumulated in the breaking spring is released.

Abstract: A laminated sintered body is produced having a ceramic porous body 8 having a thickness of 300 &mgr;m or larger and a ceramic dense body 9 having a thickness of 25 &mgr;m or smaller. A green body 5 for the porous body and a green body 3 for the dense body is laminated to obtain a laminate, which is then subjected to pressure molding by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a pressure molded body 6. The pressure molded body 6 is sintered to obtain a laminated sintered body. Alternatively, it is provided a laminated sintered body has a ceramic porous body having a thickness of 300 &mgr;m or larger and a ceramic dense body having a thickness of 25 &mgr;m or smaller. By reducing the leakage rate of helium gas of the laminated sintered body to 10−6 Pa·m3/s or lower, the operational efficiency of the cell can be improved, and the deterioration of the cell can be prevented to improve an output after the cell is subjected to initiation and termination cycle test of operation.

Abstract: A method for shot peening wherein peening shot having a Vickers hardness (Hv) in the range of 900-1100 and a Young's modulus of 200,000 MPa or less, is used, and wherein a treated article is obtained by such a method that has a maximum residual compressive stress of 1600 MPa or more and a surface roughness of 5 microns or less.

Abstract: The invention provides an assembly structure for facilitating the assembly of laminated single cells, for reducing the possibility of gas leakage after repeated cycles of temperature elevation and reduction, and for preventing the reduction of generating efficiency of cells due to the gas leakage. A plate-shaped electrochemical cell 9 made of a ceramic material with a through hole 9a formed therein is held by a holding member 1. The member 1 is made of a ceramic material and has a plate-shaped main body la of a shape of a flat plate and a protruded portion 1b protruding from the main body 1a. A first supply hole 2A for supplying one gas and a second supply hole 2B for supplying the other gas are formed in the holding member 1. The main body 1a has a sealing surface 1c against the one main face 9a of the cell 9 while the protruded portion 1b is inserted into the through hole 9a.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the treatment of shot peening by which a high residual compressive-stress can be given, while having the surface roughness of the treated article be low even when a metal substance with a high hardness is used. That is to say, this invention is related to a method for the treatment of shot peening wherein a peening material having a Vickers hardness (Hv) in the range of 900-1100 and a Young's modulus of 200,000 MPa or less, is used, and wherein a treated article is obtained by such a method that has a maximum residual compressive-stress of 1600 MPa or more and a surface roughness of 5 microns or less.

Abstract: A honeycomb structural body is formed by a plurality of first wall portions, a plurality of second wall portions and a plurality of cross portions. Moreover, through holes of the honeycomb structural body are respectively defined by the first wall portion, the second wall portion and the cross portion. Further, a center portion of the first wall portion is formed by a sub material other than a main material which constitutes the honeycomb structural body. The honeycomb structural body having the structure mentioned above has excellent mechanical strength and spalling resistance.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including at least one dense solid electrolyte body, at least two dense interconnectors for collecting current flowing the cell, cathodes and anodes, wherein the at least one dense solid electrolyte body and at least two dense interconnectors constitute a structural body, a plurality of first gas flow channels and a plurality of second gas flow channels both extend in a given direction, and are each defined and surrounded by a part of the at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of the at least two interconnectors, the anodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective first gas flow channels, the cathodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective second gas flow channels, every anode is opposed to an adjacent cathode or adjacent cathodes via a

Abstract: A honeycomb-shaped electric element includes a honeycomb-shaped structural body, the honeycomb-shaped structural body including crossing partition walls defining a number of through-holes arranged thereamong, the through-holes being arranged in at least three lines extending laterally substantially in the same direction, wherein partition wall portions of the through-boles in the at least three lines are made of at least an electrically conductive material and an insulating material such that the partition wall portions of the through-holes made of the electrically conductive material and those of the insulating material are so arranged that a current flow passage may be continuously formed in the same direction as the continuous lines extend.

Abstract: A sintered laminated structure including a plurality of ceramic layers made of ceramic materials different from one another, wherein each of the ceramic layers is provided with through-holes passing each of the ceramic layers.

Abstract: A layered sintered body for an electrochemical cell which is a planar-type layered sintered body composed of an electrode and a separator stacked thereon, wherein a plurality of gas flow passages are formed by coupling grooves formed on the electrode and the separator. Even when this electrochemical cell is subjected to repetition of a cooling-heating cycle, an increase of internal resistance on and around the boundary between the separator and electrode can be restrained and layer separation and development of cracks at the joint boundary can be prevented.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including at least one dense solid electrolyte body, at least two dense interconnectors for collecting current flowing through the cell, cathodes and anodes, wherein the at least one dense solid electrolyte body and at least two dense interconnectors constitute a structural body, a plurality of first gas flow channels and a plurality of second gas flow channels both extend in a given direction, and are each defined and surrounded by a part of the at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of the at least two interconnectors, the anodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective first gas flow channels, the cathodes are formed on respective walls defined by a part of at least one solid electrolyte body and a part of at least two interconnectors and constituting the respective second gas flow channels, every anode is opposed to an adjacent cathode or adjacent cathod