Abstract: There is provided an optical characteristic measuring method for measuring an optical characteristic of an optical system which forms, on a second plane, an image of an object arranged on a first plane, the optical characteristic measuring method including: arranging at least one phase pattern on the first plane; illuminating the arranged phase pattern, with a light having a predetermined wavelength; extracting a partial image of a pattern image formed via the phase pattern and the optical system; and detecting information about the light in relation to the extracted partial image.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate formed with predetermined patterns and magnetized magnetic substances arranged in the substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns, and a method of manufacturing an article with magnetized magnetic substances arranged according to predetermined patterns, comprising the steps of arranging said magnetic substances in a substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns and magnetizing the magnetic substances.

Abstract: A magnetic medium comprising a substrate formed with a stepped pit and a magnetic substance buried in the stepped pit.A method of manufacturing a magnetic medium comprising the steps of forming a first groove in a substrate by photoetching, forming a second groove in the first groove or in a portion adjacent to the first groove by the photoetching, the second groove being different in depth from the first groove, and burying magnetic substances into the first and second grooves.

Abstract: A magnetic medium comprises a substrate formed with a stepped pit and a magnetic substance buried in the stepped pit. A method of manufacturing a magnetic medium comprises the steps of forming a first groove in a substrate by photoetching and forming a second groove in the first groove or in a portion adjacent to the first groove by the photoetching. The second groove is different in depth from the first groove. The method further comprises the step of burying magnetic substances into the first and second grooves.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate formed with predetermined patterns and magnetized magnetic substances arranged in the substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns, and a method of manufacturing an article with magnetized magnetic substances arranged according to predetermined patterns, comprising the steps of arranging said magnetic substances in a substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns and magnetizing the magnetic substances.

Abstract: A method of magneto-optically modulating light comprises the steps of linearly polarizing the light on its transmission path, placing a magnetooptic effect element on the transmission path of the polarized light with the spontaneous magnetization direction of the element being parallel with the transmission path, the polarized light being modulated into a first light component when the plane of polarization of the polarized light is rotated to assume the first rotational position by the magnetooptic effect element in the absence of the applied magnetic field, applying the magnetic field to the magnetooptic effect element with the internal magnetization of the element being oriented in a direction perpendicular to the transmission path, the polarized light being modulated into a second light component when the plane of polarization of the polarized light is shifted to a second rotational position by the magnetooptic effect element in the presence of the applied magnetic field.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a medium having a magnetic pattern, comprises the steps of forming a first groove in a substrate by photoetching, and forming in the first groove or in a portion of the substrate adjacent to the first groove by the photoetching a second groove of different depth than the first groove. The first and second grooves are then filled with a ferromagnetic substance so that the ferromagnetic substance in the first groove is different in thickness from the ferromagnetic substance in the second groove. The ferromagnetic substance is then magnetized to produce magnetic field intensity distribution based on the thickness of the magnetized ferromagnetic substance.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate formed with predetermined patterns and magnetized magnetic substances arranged in the substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns, and a method of manufacturing an article with magnetized magnetic substances arranged according to predetermined patterns, comprising the steps of arranging said magnetic substances in a substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns and magnetizing the magnetic substances.

Abstract: A magnetic medium comprising a substrate formed with a stepped pit and a magnetic substance buried in the stepped pit. A method of manufacturing a magnetic medium comprising the steps of forming a first groove in a substrate by photoetching, forming a second groove in the first groove or in a portion adjacent to the first groove by the photoetching, the second groove being different in depth from the first groove, and burying magnetic substances into the first and second grooves.

Abstract: A magnetic medium comprising a substrate formed with a stepped pit and a magnetic substance buried in the stepped pit.A method of manufacturing a magnetic medium comprising the steps of forming a first groove in a substrate by photoetching, forming a second groove in the first groove or in a portion adjacent to the first groove by the photoetching, the second groove being different in depth from the first groove, and burying magnetic substances into the first and second grooves.

Abstract: An optical position sensor of aircraft comprises light emitting means, first optical wave guiding means connected at its one end to the light emitting means, and polarizing means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the first optical wave guiding means. A Faraday effect element is connected at its one end directly to the other end of the polarizing means and has reflecting means at its other end. A movable magnetic scale is disposed in opposed relationship to the reflecting means and having a plurality of magnetized segments mounted thereon. The sensor further comprises polarization detecting means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the Faraday effect element, second optical wave guiding means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the polarization detecting means and adapted for guiding the light from the polarization detecting means, and optoelectric converting means connected to the other end of the second optical wave guiding means.

Abstract: An optical position sensor of aircraft comprises light emitting means, an optical block, and a movable magnetic scale disposed in opposed relationship to the optical block. The sensor further comprises first optical wave guiding means connected at its one end to the light emitting means, polarizing means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the first optical wave guiding means and connected at its other end directly to one end of the optical block, and polarization detecting means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the optical block. The sensor further comprises second optical wave guiding means connected at its one end directly to the other end of the polarization detecting means, and opto-electric converting means connected to the other end of the second optical guiding means.