Abstract: There is provided a SiC substrate including a biaxially oriented SiC layer, wherein when analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) to obtain a graph by plotting PL intensity I as the vertical axis versus distance (?m) in the [11-20] direction as the horizontal axis, (i) the graph has a shape such that a maximum point and a minimum point are repeated, (ii) when a maximum value of PL intensity I at a maximum point PM is assumed to be M, and a minimum value of PL intensity I at a minimum point Pm whose distance in the [11-20] direction is longer than that of the maximum point PM, and point Pm being present at a position nearest to point PM, is assumed to be m, a ratio of M/m is 1.05 or more, and (iii) distance L in the [11-20] direction between point PM and point Pm is 15 to 150 ?m.

Abstract: A yoke for use in concrete work comprising a tubular body having a square section and provided with a longitudinal groove on the external surface of each side of the tubular body. The tubular body is filled with foamed plastics over the whole or only in both end portions of the bore thereof.