Abstract: The utility model provides an exhaust structure having a lightweight structure. The utility model provides an exhaust structure, comprising: an exhaust pipe; and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe includes an upstream side opening portion, a downstream side opening portion, and a winding portion. The winding portion is formed by winding pipings between the upstream side opening portion and the downstream side opening portion. The muffler is connected to the upstream side opening portion of the exhaust pipe, and the winding portion overlaps the muffler in a front-rear direction.

Abstract: The utility model provides an exhaust structure having a lightweight structure. The utility model provides an exhaust structure, comprising: an exhaust pipe; and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe includes an upstream side opening portion, a downstream side opening portion, and a winding portion. The winding portion is formed by winding pipings between the upstream side opening portion and the downstream side opening portion. The muffler is connected to the upstream side opening portion of the exhaust pipe, and the winding portion overlaps the muffler in a front-rear direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel injection control device for a direct injection engine including an engine body (engine 1) and a fuel injection control unit (engine controller 100). The fuel injection control unit injects a fuel in a predetermined injection mode into a combustion chamber (17) such that while the engine body is warm, an air-fuel mixture layer and a heat-insulating gas layer, surrounding the air-fuel mixture layer, are formed in the combustion chamber at a point in time when an air-fuel mixture ignites, and changes the injection mode of the fuel into the combustion chamber such that while the engine body is cold, the lower the temperature of the engine body is, the thinner the heat-insulating gas layer becomes.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve (6) is configured such that the effective opening area of an injection port (61) increases as its lift amount increases. A fuel injection control unit (an engine control unit 100) injects fuel in a lift amount changing mode wherein, when fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (17) in the terminal period of the compression stroke, the lift amount of the fuel injection valve is set to a predetermined large lift amount in the earlier period of the injection period, and in the later period of the injection period following the earlier period of the injection period, the lift amount is set to a small lift amount smaller than the large lift amount and is in a range where the fuel injection speed increases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel injection control device for a direct injection engine including an engine body (engine 1) and a fuel injection control unit (engine controller 100). The fuel injection control unit injects a fuel in a predetermined injection mode into a combustion chamber (17) such that while the engine body is warm, an air-fuel mixture layer and a heat-insulating gas layer, surrounding the air-fuel mixture layer, are formed in the combustion chamber at a point in time when an air-fuel mixture ignites, and changes the injection mode of the fuel into the combustion chamber such that while the engine body is cold, the lower the temperature of the engine body is, the thinner the heat-insulating gas layer becomes.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve (6) is configured such that the effective opening area of an injection port (61) increases as its lift amount increases. A fuel injection control unit (an engine control unit 100) injects fuel in a lift amount changing mode wherein, when fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (17) in the terminal period of the compression stroke, the lift amount of the fuel injection valve is set to a predetermined large lift amount in the earlier period of the injection period, and in the later period of the injection period following the earlier period of the injection period, the lift amount is set to a small lift amount smaller than the large lift amount and is in a range where the fuel injection speed increases.

Abstract: A multi-hole injector directly injects fuel into a combustion chamber. Intake air is introduced into the combustion chamber through intake ports to provide tumble flow in the combustion chamber. A cavity is formed in a part of the top surface of a piston which is eccentric to the exhaust side. In the intake stroke, fuel injection ends in a downstroke of a piston. When the crank angle is 100 degrees after the top dead center in the intake stroke at which the fuel injection ends, a most downward lower spray collides with a part of the top surface of the piston which ranges on the intake side from the edge on the exhaust side of the cavity. A most upward upper spray does not come into contact with a spark plug. Thus, the fuel injection can enhance the tumble flow to promote homogeneous dispersion of fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multi-hole injector directly injects fuel into a combustion chamber. Intake air is introduced into the combustion chamber through intake ports to provide tumble flow in the combustion chamber. A cavity is formed in a part of the top surface of a piston which is eccentric to the exhaust side. In the intake stroke, fuel injection ends in a downstroke of a piston. When the crank angle is 100 degrees after the top dead center in the intake stroke at which the fuel injection ends, a most downward lower spray collides with a part of the top surface of the piston which ranges on the intake side from the edge on the exhaust side of the cavity. A most upward upper spray does not come into contact with a spark plug. Thus, the fuel injection can enhance the tumble flow to promote homogeneous dispersion of fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: All access points are operated synchronously, and monitor the beacon to mate with the hopping frequency of the neighboring access point. Accordingly, the station can grasp the up-to-date radio situation of the neighboring access point to be entered subsequently, and constructs the information as the database. As a result, when the beacon quality of the current subscription (connected) access point is reduced lower than the threshold value, the hopping channel and the hopping pattern are fitted to the neighboring access point having the best communication environment by referring the database, and then the subscription operation is applied directly.

Abstract: All access points are operated synchronously, and monitor the beacon to mate with the hopping frequency of the neighboring access point. Accordingly, the station can grasp the up-to-date radio situation of the neighboring access point to be entered subsequently, and constructs the information as the database. As a result, when the beacon quality of the current subscription (connected) access point is reduced lower than the threshold value, the hopping channel and the hopping pattern are fitted to the neighboring access point having the best communication environment by referring the database, and then the subscription operation is applied directly.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate is coated with an insulation mask. A window is cut in the mask using photolithography leaving stress risers at locations defining the length of a laser cavity. A plurality of layers of semiconductor film are selectively grown over the exposed substrate to form a pin diode and necessary impurities are injected. An intrinsic layer of the film forms a laser excitation layer and emits laser beams in response to excitation. Following heat treatment, the device is cooled rapidly, causing stress in the areas where the stress risers from the mask join the semiconductor film. By the time the device reaches room temperature, the semiconductor film is split and separated by cleavage planes. Alignment of the semiconductor laser device output beams is produced by anisotropic etching of the cleavage planes to form 45.degree. mirror planes. Conventional photolithographic techniques permit formation of the laser resonator with an accuracy on the order of submicrons.

Abstract: A surface-acoustic-wave device includes a glassy layer provided on a piezoelectric layer and having periodic grooves (gratings) so as to be used as a reflector exhibiting an excellent reflection ratio.

Abstract: A method of controlling diaphragm driving in an electronic still camera, wherein a diaphragm is controlled such that an exposure value of a subject on an image forming screen can become a proper exposure value, and a device therefore. In this control of diaphragm driving, the photometric values obtained from every times of photometry are determined to be higher or lower than the proper exposure value. When the photometric values are determined to be higher than the proper exposure value continuously given times, the diaphragm is closed until the photometric values are determined to be lower than the proper exposure value. When the photometric values are determined to be lower than the proper exposure value continuously the given times, the diaphragm is opened until the photometric values are determined to be higher than the proper exposure value.